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Related Concept Videos

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Environmental Applications of Microorganisms

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Microorganisms play a pivotal role in maintaining ecosystem balance by recycling essential elements such as carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus, as well as supporting processes like bioremediation, wastewater treatment, and biofuel production.Microbes in Elemental CyclesIn the carbon cycle, microorganisms decompose organic matter, releasing carbon dioxide via aerobic respiration. This carbon dioxide is subsequently used by photosynthetic organisms to synthesize organic compounds, closing the...
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Bioremediation is the use of prokaryotes, fungi, or plants to remove pollutants from the environment. This process has been used to remove harmful toxins in groundwater as a byproduct of agricultural run-off and also to clean up oil spills.
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Chemolithotrophs are microorganisms that obtain energy by oxidizing inorganic molecules such as hydrogen gas (H₂), ammonia (NH₃), reduced sulfur compounds (H₂S, S²⁻), and ferrous iron (Fe²⁺). Unlike heterotrophic organisms that rely on organic carbon, chemolithotrophs transfer electrons from these inorganic donors to the electron transport chain (ETC), generating a proton motive force (PMF) that drives ATP synthesis through oxidative phosphorylation.
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Primary sludge as solid carbon source for biological denitrification: System optimization at micro-level.

Shenbin Cao1, Li Wang2, Wangwang Yan1

  • 1Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, Singapore, 637141, Singapore.

Environmental Research
|September 6, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Primary sludge effectively removes nitrate through heterotrophic denitrification, offering a sustainable alternative to commercial carbon sources. This method reduces sludge waste and achieves high nitrate reduction rates without harmful byproducts.

Keywords:
Ammonium and phosphate releaseCarbon sourceDenitrificationPrimary sludgeRefractory dissolved organicsSludge reduction

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Engineering
  • Water Treatment
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Commercial carbon sources for denitrification are costly and generate excess sludge.
  • Sustainable and cost-effective alternatives are needed for nitrate removal in wastewater treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate primary sludge as a solid carbon source for heterotrophic denitrification.
  • To assess the economic and environmental benefits of using primary sludge in denitrification systems.

Main Methods:

  • An integrated denitrification system utilizing primary sludge was developed.
  • Dosage of primary sludge (6.0 g VSS/g N) and denitrification rates were measured.
  • Simultaneous reduction of primary sludge and changes in effluent parameters (nitrate, nitrite, ammonium, phosphate, organics) were monitored.

Main Results:

  • Complete denitrification achieved with a maximum specific nitrate reduction rate of 6.4 mg N/g VSS/h, comparable to soluble carbon sources.
  • Significant reduction of primary sludge (65.3%-85.1%) occurred simultaneously.
  • Ammonium, phosphate, and recalcitrant organic matter were released but ammonium and phosphate concentrations decreased during the process.
  • Optimizing denitrification cycle by monitoring pH turning point reduced effluent organics.

Conclusions:

  • Primary sludge is a viable and sustainable alternative carbon source for biological denitrification.
  • This approach offers significant economic benefits by reducing sludge disposal costs and chemical purchases.
  • The integrated system enhances environmental sustainability in wastewater treatment plants.