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Related Concept Videos

Roles of Electrolytes: Calcium and Phosphate01:27

Roles of Electrolytes: Calcium and Phosphate

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Calcium and phosphate are essential electrolytes in the human body, with calcium being the most abundant mineral. Around 99% of the body's calcium is stored in the skeleton and teeth, forming a crystal lattice of mineral salts in combination with phosphates. Calcium plays crucial roles in various bodily functions such as blood clotting, neurotransmitter release, muscle tone maintenance, and nervous and muscle tissue excitability.
The calcium concentration in blood plasma is primarily...
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Structure and Function of Platelets01:18

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The cell fragments known as platelets are disc-shaped, with an average diameter of about 3 μm and a thickness of roughly 1 μm. They play a crucial role in the body's vascular clotting system, which also involves plasma proteins, blood cells, and blood vessel tissues.
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Phosphoinositides and PIPs01:42

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Phosphoinositides are a group of phospholipids containing a glycerol backbone with two fatty acid chains and a phosphate attached to a myoinositol sugar ring. The inositol head group extends into the cytoplasm, where it is modified by adding phosphate groups to form phosphatidylinositol phosphates or PIPs.
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Phosphorylation01:02

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The addition or removal of phosphate groups from proteins is the most common chemical modification that regulates cellular processes. These modifications can affect the structure, activity, stability, and localization of proteins within cells as well as their interactions with other proteins.
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Formation of the Platelet Plug01:22

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The platelet phase, the second stage of hemostasis, commences around 15-20 seconds after an injury. It follows and overlaps with the vascular phase, during which blood vessels constrict to minimize blood loss.
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Proteins undergo chemical modifications that trigger changes in the charge, structure, and conformation of the proteins. Phosphorylation, acetylation, glycosylation, nitrosylation, ubiquitination, lipidation, methylation, and proteolysis are various protein modifications that regulate protein activity. Such modifications are usually enzyme-driven.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 9, 2025

Procoagulant Platelet Characterization by Measuring Phosphatidylserine Exposure and Microvesicle Release from Human Purified Platelets
05:49

Procoagulant Platelet Characterization by Measuring Phosphatidylserine Exposure and Microvesicle Release from Human Purified Platelets

Published on: November 29, 2024

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High extracellular phosphate increases platelet polyphosphate content.

Nima Abbasian1, Matthew T Harper1

  • 1Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.

Platelets
|September 7, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

High extracellular inorganic phosphate (Pi) increases platelet polyphosphate (PolyP) content, enhancing blood coagulation. This finding links hyperphosphatemia to thrombosis risk, particularly in chronic kidney disease.

Keywords:
Coagulationhyperphosphatemiainorganic phosphateplateletspolyphosphatethrombosis

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Last Updated: Dec 9, 2025

Procoagulant Platelet Characterization by Measuring Phosphatidylserine Exposure and Microvesicle Release from Human Purified Platelets
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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Hematology
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Platelet-derived extracellular polyphosphate (PolyP) plays a key role in thrombosis.
  • PolyP is composed of inorganic phosphate (Pi) chains stored in platelet dense granules.
  • Cellular uptake of extracellular Pi via transporters may lead to intracellular PolyP storage.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of extracellular inorganic phosphate (Pi) concentration on platelet PolyP content.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms involved in Pi-induced increase in platelet PolyP.
  • To determine the impact of elevated platelet PolyP on coagulation.

Main Methods:

  • In vitro experiments exposing platelets to varying extracellular Pi concentrations.
  • Assessment of PolyP content in platelets.
  • Evaluation of PolyP-dependent coagulation in platelet-rich plasma.

Main Results:

  • High extracellular Pi concentration significantly increased platelet PolyP content.
  • This increase was dependent on phosphate transporters, IP6K, and V-type ATPases.
  • Elevated platelet PolyP levels enhanced PolyP-dependent coagulation.

Conclusions:

  • A mechanistic link exists between hyperphosphatemia and enhanced coagulation via platelet PolyP.
  • Elevated platelet PolyP may contribute to thrombotic complications in conditions like chronic kidney disease.