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Updated: Dec 9, 2025

A Reliable Porcine Fascio-Cutaneous Flap Model for Vascularized Composite Allografts Bioengineering Studies
Published on: March 31, 2022
Compound or Specially Designed Flaps in the Lower Extremities
Bruno Battiston1, Davide Ciclamini1, Jin Bo Tang2
1U.O.C. Traumatology, Hand Surgery, Microsurgery, A.S.O. Città della Salute e della Scienza, CTO - Hospital, Via Gianfranco Zuretti, 29, 10126 Torino, Italy.
Abstract:
Novel and combined tissue transfers from the lower extremity provide new tools to combat soft tissue defects of the hand, foot, and ankle, or fracture nonunion. Flaps can be designed for special purposes, such as providing a gliding bed for a grafted or repaired tendon or for thumb or finger reconstruction. Propeller flaps can cover soft tissue defects of the leg and foot. In repairing severe bone and soft tissue defects of the lower extremity, combined approaches, including external fixators, one-stage vascularized bone grafting, and skin or muscle flap coverage of the traumatized leg and foot, have become popular.
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