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Related Concept Videos

Blood Transfusion and Agglutination02:45

Blood Transfusion and Agglutination

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Blood transfusion is a therapeutic measure to restore the blood volume after extensive blood loss due to an accident or a medical procedure. Blood transfusion involves drawing a certain amount of blood from a suitable donor and infusing it into the recipient.
History
The history of blood transfusion dates back to the 17th century, when early attempts were made in animals. In 1818 James Blundell, a British doctor, performed the first successful human blood transfusion. Later in 1900, Karl...
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Blood Transfusion01:15

Blood Transfusion

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Blood transfusion is a critical medical procedure that saves lives and treats various medical conditions. It involves transferring blood from a donor to a recipient. This process requires a thorough understanding of the ABO blood group system and its associated antigens and antibodies.
Blood Transfusion Overview
A blood transfusion is a medical procedure used to replace blood lost due to injury, surgery, or to treat conditions such as anemia or cancer. During a transfusion, donor blood is...
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Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

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Overview
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Bone Marrow Sampling and Transplants01:22

Bone Marrow Sampling and Transplants

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Bone marrow transplant is a potential cure for several diseases, including cancer and specific genetic disorders. Notably, this procedure is applicable for patients suffering from aplastic anemia, certain types of leukemia, severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID), Hodgkin's disease, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, multiple myeloma, thalassemia, sickle-cell disease, and certain cancers.
The transplant begins with high doses of chemotherapy and radiation treatment, which aim to destroy...
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Formation of the Platelet Plug01:22

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The platelet phase, the second stage of hemostasis, commences around 15-20 seconds after an injury. It follows and overlaps with the vascular phase, during which blood vessels constrict to minimize blood loss.
As the injured blood vessel contracts, endothelial cells undergo contraction, revealing collagen fibers in the basement membrane and underlying connective tissue. Furthermore, the plasma membrane of endothelial cells becomes adhesive, preparing the site for platelet adhesion. Platelets...
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Disorders of Hemostasis01:24

Disorders of Hemostasis

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Hemostasis, the process that stops bleeding after a blood vessel injury, is crucial for maintaining the integrity of the circulatory system. However, disorders of hemostasis can disrupt this delicate balance, leading to either excessive clotting or bleeding. These disorders can be broadly classified into thromboembolic disorders and bleeding disorders.
Thromboembolic Disorders
Two factors primarily cause thromboembolic conditions.
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Routine Screening Method for Microparticles in Platelet Transfusions
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Routine Screening Method for Microparticles in Platelet Transfusions

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Platelet transfusion: Alloimmunization and refractoriness.

Catherine F Prodger1, Alexandros Rampotas1, Lise J Estcourt2

  • 1Department of Haematology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford; UK.

Seminars in Hematology
|September 7, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Platelet transfusions are vital for bleeding but carry risks. Recent trials show potential harm in specific groups, necessitating further research into optimal use and alternatives.

Keywords:
AlloimmunizationPlatelet transfusionRefractoriness

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Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Transfusion Medicine
  • Clinical Trials

Background:

  • Platelet transfusion guidance historically relied on expert opinion due to limited high-quality trials.
  • Recent large clinical trials have provided new insights into platelet transfusion efficacy and safety.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current indications for prophylactic and therapeutic platelet transfusions.
  • To discuss recent clinical trial findings, including risks and benefits.
  • To explore advancements in platelet storage, substitutes, and complication avoidance.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent large clinical trials (e.g., PATCH, PLANET-2).
  • Evaluation of current literature on platelet transfusion indications.
  • Assessment of new developments in platelet storage and substitutes.

Main Results:

  • Some studies indicate increased harm with platelet transfusions in specific patient populations.
  • Platelets may have roles beyond hemostasis, requiring further investigation.
  • New strategies are emerging for complication avoidance and resource preservation.

Conclusions:

  • Platelet transfusion use requires careful consideration of risks and benefits, informed by recent evidence.
  • Further clinical trials are essential to refine transfusion protocols.
  • Developments in platelet storage, substitutes, and usage initiatives aim to optimize this critical resource.