Related Experiment Video
Updated: Dec 9, 2025

Screening of Axonal Degeneration in Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Using Ultrasonography and Nerve Conduction Studies
Published on: January 11, 2019
Time of appearance of ossification centers in carpal bones. A radiological retrospective study on Saudi children
Khulood M Al-Khater1, Tarek M Hegazi, Hanadi F Al-Thani
1Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. E-mail. kalkhater@iau.edu.sa.
Objectives:
To find reference data for the time of appearance of ossification centers in carpal bones and the lower ends of the radius and ulna in the Saudi population. In addition, to check the sequence of appearance of carpal bones and the relation of this sequence to the appearance of distal epiphyses of the radius and ulna. Methods: A retrospective radiological study was carried out between 2012 to 2020 at King Fahad Hospital of the University, Al-Khobar, Saudi Arabia. A sample of 279 hand/wrist plain radiographs of Saudi children was analyzed.
Results:
The first bones at the wrist region to appear in Saudi children are the capitate, hamate, and distal epiphysis of the radius, and these appear during the first year of life. The other bones develop subsequently at yearly intervals, and the last one to appear is the pisiform, which arises at the end of the first decade of life.
Conclusion:
The sequence of appearance of carpal bones in the Saudi population is similar to what is described in the literature. However, the time of appearance of some of these bones is earlier than that in other populations.
Related Concept Videos
Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age
Initially, the limb buds consist of a core of mesenchyme covered by a layer of ectoderm. The ectoderm at the end of the limb bud thickens to form a narrow crest called the apical ectodermal ridge. This ridge stimulates the underlying...
Bone Formation by Endochondral Ossification
Bones of the Upper Limb: Radius
The radius has a nail-shaped head, and a...
Development of the Limb Synovial Joints
The mesenchymal stem cells differentiate into chondrocytes that form the hyaline cartilage, and later the cartilaginous model of the bone. This model further transforms into a bone. This process is known as endochondral ossification.
During development, the limbs...
Bone Formation by Intramembranous Ossification
The process begins when mesenchymal cells in the embryonic skeleton gather together and differentiate into osteogenic cells, which then develop into ...
Growth of Cartilage and Bone Tissue
