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Related Experiment Videos

Salt sensitivity and systemic hypertension in the elderly.

M B Zemel1, J R Sowers

  • 1Division of Endocrinology and Hypertension, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202.

The American Journal of Cardiology
|June 15, 1988
PubMed
Summary

Aging increases salt sensitivity and hypertension risk, particularly in Black individuals. Reduced kidney function and altered cellular mechanisms contribute, but dietary calcium may offer a non-drug treatment for salt-sensitive hypertension.

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Nephrology
  • Cardiovascular Medicine

Background:

  • Hypertension incidence rises with age in industrialized nations, disproportionately affecting aging Black populations.
  • Geriatric hypertension is often salt-sensitive, characterized by isolated systolic hypertension.
  • Age-related decline in salt-taste acuity does not drive increased salt intake or sensitivity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the mechanisms underlying age-related salt sensitivity and its contribution to geriatric hypertension.
  • To explore the role of renal function, natriuretic substances, and cellular ion transport in salt-sensitive hypertension.
  • To evaluate the potential of dietary calcium as a non-pharmacologic intervention for salt-sensitive hypertension.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of age-related changes in renal salt excretion capacity.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Assessment of natriuretic substance generation (prostaglandin E2, dopamine) in aging.
  • Evaluation of age-associated alterations in sodium/potassium-adenosine triphosphatase (Na/K-ATPase) and calcium-ATPase activity.
  • Investigation of intracellular sodium and calcium levels and their impact on vascular resistance.
  • Examination of dietary calcium's effects on intracellular calcium, Na/K-ATPase activity, and natriuresis.

    • Main Results:

    • Reduced renal excretion of salt loads contributes to age-related salt sensitivity.
    • Decreased generation of natriuretic substances like prostaglandin E2 and dopamine exacerbates salt sensitivity.
    • Declines in Na/K-ATPase and calcium-ATPase activity increase intracellular sodium and calcium, raising vascular resistance.
    • Dietary calcium supplementation appears to reduce intracellular calcium by suppressing parathyroid hormone, enhancing Na/K-ATPase, and promoting natriuresis.

    Conclusions:

    • Geriatric hypertension is linked to impaired salt excretion and altered cellular ion transport.
    • Reduced renal function and natriuretic substance production are key factors in age-related salt sensitivity.
    • Dietary calcium may be a viable non-pharmacologic strategy to manage salt-sensitive hypertension in the elderly by modulating intracellular calcium levels and improving sodium handling.