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Related Concept Videos

Extraction: Advanced Methods00:56

Extraction: Advanced Methods

933
Metal ions can be separated from one another by complexation with organic ligands–the chelating agent– to form uncharged chelates. Here, the chelating agent must contain hydrophobic groups and behave as a weak acid, losing a proton to bind with the metal. Since most organic ligands used in this process are insoluble or undergo oxidation in the aqueous phase, the chelating agent is initially added to the organic phase and extracted into the aqueous phase. The metal-ligand complex is...
933
Sample Preparation for Analysis: Advanced Techniques01:08

Sample Preparation for Analysis: Advanced Techniques

974
Accurate analysis of complex samples often requires advanced preparation techniques to achieve reliable and reproducible results. Samples containing inorganic or organic materials can be challenging to dissolve or decompose effectively. Standard sample preparation methods include acid digestion, fusion, dry ashing, and wet digestion.
Acid digestion with strong acids is commonly used to dissolve inorganic materials that are insoluble (do not dissolve) in water. This method can be useful for...
974
Ion Exchange01:17

Ion Exchange

975
Ion exchange chromatography separates charged molecules from a solution by reversibly exchanging them with mobile, or 'active', ions associated with the oppositely charged stationary phase. This method can be used to separate ions, soften and deionize water, and purify solutions. The polymers comprising the ion-exchange column are high-molecular-weight and chemically stable polymers, crosslinked to be porous and essentially insoluble. They are also functionalized with either acidic or...
975
Common Ion Effect03:24

Common Ion Effect

44.5K
Compared with pure water, the solubility of an ionic compound is less in aqueous solutions containing a common ion (one also produced by dissolution of the ionic compound). This is an example of a phenomenon known as the common ion effect, which is a consequence of the law of mass action that may be explained using Le Châtelier’s principle. Consider the dissolution of silver iodide:
44.5K
Precipitation and Co-precipitation01:17

Precipitation and Co-precipitation

3.6K
Precipitation and coprecipitation methods can be used to separate a mixture of ions in a solution. In qualitative inorganic analysis, ions that form sparingly soluble precipitates with the same reagent are separated based on the differences in solubility products. For example, consider the separation of Cu(II) and Fe(II) ions by precipitation as insoluble sulfides. First, copper(II) sulfide is precipitated by the addition of acidic H2S, where the dissociation of H2S is suppressed. Adding H2S...
3.6K
Sharpless Epoxidation02:57

Sharpless Epoxidation

4.7K
The conversion of allylic alcohols into epoxides using the chiral catalyst was discovered by K. Barry Sharpless and is known as Sharpless epoxidation. The use of a chiral catalyst enables the formation of one enantiomer of the product in excess. This chiral catalyst is mainly a chiral complex of titanium tetraisopropoxide and tartrate ester (specific stereoisomer). The stereoisomer used in the chiral catalyst dictates the formation of the enantiomer of the product. In other words, the use of...
4.7K

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Updated: Dec 9, 2025

Sulfate Separation by Selective Crystallization with a Bis-iminoguanidinium Ligand
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Rationally designed rare earth separation by selective oxalate solubilization.

Denis Prodius1, Matthew Klocke, Volodymyr Smetana

  • 1Ames Laboratory, US Department of Energy and Critical Materials Institute, Ames, Iowa 50011-3020, USA.

Chemical Communications (Cambridge, England)
|September 7, 2020
PubMed
Summary

A new chemical separation method efficiently extracts rare earth elements (REEs) from magnet waste. This environmentally friendly process selectively dissolves rare earth oxalates, even at low concentrations.

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Area of Science:

  • Chemical Engineering
  • Materials Science
  • Environmental Chemistry

Background:

  • Rare earth elements (REEs) are critical for modern technologies, including permanent magnets.
  • Recycling REEs from end-of-life products like magnets is crucial for resource sustainability.
  • Existing separation methods can be complex, costly, or environmentally hazardous.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a simple, environmentally benign, and efficient chemical separation protocol for rare earth oxalates (CSEREOX).
  • To enable selective separation of REEs into two subgroups.
  • To achieve efficient REE extraction from processed magnet wastes, particularly at low concentrations.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a novel chemical separation of rare earth oxalates (CSEREOX) protocol.
  • Selective solubilization of water-insoluble rare earth element oxalates.
  • Application of the method to processed magnet wastes.

Main Results:

  • Successful implementation of a simple and environmentally benign REE separation process.
  • Demonstrated efficient extraction of REEs, even from samples with low initial concentrations (<5%).
  • Achieved selective separation of REEs within two subgroups.

Conclusions:

  • The CSEREOX protocol offers an efficient and sustainable route for REE recovery from magnet waste.
  • This method addresses the need for greener and more accessible REE recycling technologies.
  • The protocol's effectiveness at low concentrations highlights its potential for diverse waste streams.