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Fetal programming in sheep: effects on pre- and postnatal development in lambs.

Everton D Sartori1, Amir G Sessim1, Danielle D Brutti1

  • 1Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.

Journal of Animal Science
|September 7, 2020
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Summary

Maternal nutrition impacts sheep fetal and postnatal weight, but not size. Undernutrition consistently reduces lamb weight, while overnutrition shows varied effects, particularly in primiparous ewes.

Keywords:
development programminggrowthmaternal nutritionmeta-analysissystematic review

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Area of Science:

  • Animal Science
  • Reproductive Biology
  • Nutritional Physiology

Background:

  • Maternal nutrition during gestation is crucial for fetal development.
  • Understanding the impact of undernutrition and overnutrition on ovine fetal growth is essential for livestock management.
  • Previous research has indicated potential effects, but a comprehensive summary is lacking.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and meta-analyze the effects of maternal undernutrition or overnutrition on fetal weight and morphometric measurements in sheep.
  • To examine these effects during pregnancy, at birth, and in the postnatal period.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review and meta-analysis.
  • Data extraction and synthesis using the DerSimonian and Laird random effects model.
  • Subgroup analyses based on lambing order, litter size, sex, and nutritional intervention characteristics.

Main Results:

  • Maternal undernutrition in the second and last trimesters reduced lamb weight during pregnancy, at birth, and postnatally, with recovery taking at least 120 days.
  • Undernutrition resulted in lighter lambs that were of similar size (morphometrics) compared to controls.
  • Maternal overnutrition increased fetal weight in the second trimester; effects in the last trimester varied by parity, and birth weight results were highly heterogeneous.

Conclusions:

  • Maternal nutrition significantly influences ovine fetal and postnatal weight, but not morphometric size.
  • Undernutrition effects on weight are more consistent, whereas overnutrition responses are heterogeneous.
  • These findings highlight the critical role of balanced maternal nutrition for optimal offspring development in sheep.