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Related Concept Videos

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Bipolar Disorder

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Bipolar disorder is a chronic mental health condition marked by significant mood fluctuations, including episodes of mania and depression. Elevated energy levels, heightened mood or irritability, impulsive behavior, reduced sleep needs, rapid speech, racing thoughts, inflated self-esteem, and distractibility characterize mania. Individuals with bipolar disorder often alternate between depressive and manic states, with periods of emotional stability lasting an average of six months to a year.
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Mania, a psychological condition characterized by elevated mood, increased energy, and reduced sleep need, is part of the bipolar disorder cycle. The exact cause of mania isn't entirely known, but it is thought to be a combination of genetic, environmental, and neurological factors. Bipolar disorder involves alternating manic and depressive episodes. Mood stabilizers like lithium, antipsychotics, and anticonvulsants help manage these episodes. Lithium carbonate is particularly effective as...
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Borderline Personality Disorder is a complex and multifaceted mental health condition characterized by pervasive instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, emotions, and impulse control. This instability manifests in extreme emotional reactions, fear of abandonment, and self-destructive behaviors. The disorder significantly impacts daily functioning, often leading to distress in both personal and professional domains.
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Controlled processes in human consciousness represent high-alert mental states where individuals deliberately focus their attention on achieving specific goals. Controlled processes can be seen in situations like mastering new technology, where a person might become so absorbed that they ignore surrounding distractions. Such processes involve selective attention, requiring one to concentrate on particular elements of experience while disregarding others. These are governed by executive...
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Switching behavior in Bipolar Junction Transistors (BJTs) is a fundamental aspect utilized in various electronic circuits, particularly for digital logic applications like switches and amplifiers. In a typical switching circuit, a BJT alternates between cut-off and saturation modes, corresponding to the "off" and "on" states, respectively, thus behaving like an ideal switch.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 9, 2025

Developing Neuroimaging Phenotypes of the Default Mode Network in PTSD: Integrating the Resting State, Working Memory, and Structural Connectivity
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Default mode network activity in bipolar disorder.

Niccolò Zovetti1, Maria Gloria Rossetti1,2, Cinzia Perlini3

  • 1Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Psychiatry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.

Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences
|September 8, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Bipolar disorder (BD) is linked to altered brain activity within the default mode network (DMN). Resting-state fMRI studies reveal changes in frontal and posterior DMN regions, particularly in the prefrontal cortex.

Keywords:
Bipolar disorderdefault mode networkresting-state fMRIreview

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Neuroimaging

Background:

  • The default mode network (DMN) is crucial for self-referential thought and has been extensively studied since its 1997 discovery.
  • Alterations in the DMN are implicated in various psychiatric conditions, including bipolar disorder (BD).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current evidence from resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies on DMN functioning in bipolar disorder.
  • To elucidate potential changes in DMN activity associated with BD.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of resting-state fMRI studies investigating the DMN in individuals with bipolar disorder.
  • Analysis of findings from various methodologies, including seed-based and independent component analyses.

Main Results:

  • Heterogeneous results were observed across studies due to patient group variability.
  • Consistent findings suggest alterations in both frontal and posterior DMN structures in bipolar disorder.
  • Key affected regions include the prefrontal cortex, posterior cingulate cortex, and inferior parietal cortex.

Conclusions:

  • Bipolar disorder is associated with significant alterations in default mode network functioning.
  • Future research should focus on refining methodologies and understanding the clinical implications of these DMN changes in BD.