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Related Concept Videos

Rheumatic Heart Disease III: Medical Management01:21

Rheumatic Heart Disease III: Medical Management

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Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) management can be divided into two main strategies: prevention and long-term management.Primary PreventionPrimary prevention focuses on timely diagnosis and management of group A streptococcal pharyngitis to prevent acute rheumatic fever. The most widely used antibiotic for treating this condition is intramuscular benzathine penicillin G.Acute Rheumatic Fever TreatmentThe primary treatment goal for a patient diagnosed with acute rheumatic fever is to suppress the...
160
Rheumatic Heart Disease IV: Nursing Management01:20

Rheumatic Heart Disease IV: Nursing Management

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AssessmentA comprehensive assessment is essential in managing a patient with rheumatic heart disease (RHD). Begin with obtaining a detailed medical history, including recent streptococcal infections, a history of rheumatic fever, or previously diagnosed rheumatic heart disease. Assess the patient for symptoms such as fever, chest pain, widespread joint pain (arthralgia), tachycardia, pericardial friction rub, muffled heart sounds, heart murmurs, peripheral edema, subcutaneous nodules, and...
169
Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction01:23

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction

270
Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...
270
Pericarditis III: Medical Management01:17

Pericarditis III: Medical Management

164
The primary objectives of managing pericarditis are to determine the underlying cause, provide effective therapy for treatment and symptom relief, and promptly detect signs and symptoms of cardiac tamponade. The following outlines the essential aspects of medical management for pericarditis:ObjectivesDetermine the Cause: Identifying the underlying cause of pericarditis is crucial for targeted treatment. Causes include viral infections, autoimmune diseases, post-cardiac injury syndrome, and...
164
Myocarditis III: Medical Management01:14

Myocarditis III: Medical Management

95
Myocarditis: Comprehensive Medical ManagementMyocarditis, the heart muscle inflammation, requires a comprehensive medical management strategy that addresses the underlying cause, provides supportive care, manages symptoms, and reduces cardiac workload.Infections and Autoimmune CausesAdminister appropriate antimicrobial therapy when an infectious agent causes myocarditis. For instance, penicillin treats infections caused by Group A Streptococcus. In cases where autoimmune processes are...
95
Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:22

Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

290
The key clinical manifestations of Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) include several distinct cardiac symptoms.Carditis, a hallmark of acute rheumatic fever, involves inflammation of the heart's endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium. Chronic RHD often results from recurrent episodes of carditis. Its symptoms include the following:Murmurs are caused by valvular damage, especially to the mitral and aortic valves. Mitral stenosis or regurgitation is common, with characteristic heart murmurs...
290

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Related Experiment Video

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Managing rheumatic diseases during COVID-19.

Amit P Ladani1, Muruga Loganathan2, Abhijeet Danve3

  • 1Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, West Virginia University, 600 Suncrest Town Center, Morgantown, WV, 26505, USA. apladani@gmail.com.

Clinical Rheumatology
|September 8, 2020
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Summary

Managing immunosuppressants during the COVID-19 pandemic presents challenges for rheumatology patients. This review guides decisions on continuing or holding these critical medications for autoimmune rheumatic diseases.

Keywords:
AutoimmuneCOVID-19DMARDImmunosuppressiveMedicationsRheumatic

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Rheumatology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic created significant challenges for rheumatology practices.
  • Patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases on immunosuppressants face increased COVID-19 infection risk and anxiety regarding medication management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the impact of COVID-19 on the immune system.
  • To provide guidance on managing immunosuppressive medications in rheumatology during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review on COVID-19 and its effects on autoimmune diseases.
  • Analysis of current data regarding immunosuppressant use in the context of COVID-19.
  • Synthesis of information to inform clinical decision-making.

Main Results:

  • Uncertainties surrounding COVID-19 transmission, clinical features, and treatment options complicate management.
  • Some immunosuppressants may possess antiviral properties, adding complexity to treatment decisions.
  • Viral illnesses can trigger flares in previously stable rheumatic diseases.

Conclusions:

  • Managing immunosuppression for rheumatic diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic requires careful consideration of risks and benefits.
  • Guidance on immunosuppressant management is essential until effective vaccines and treatments are widely available.
  • This review offers a framework for decision-making regarding immunosuppressive agents in rheumatology practice.