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Magnetic Resonance Imaging Assessment of Carcinogen-induced Murine Bladder Tumors
Published on: March 29, 2019
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Gender discrepancies in bladder cancer: potential explanations
Pravin Viswambaram1, Dickon Hayne2
1Urology Research Registrar, Fiona Stanley Hospital; Master of Surgery Student, UWA Medical School, University of Western Australia (UWA) , Australia.
Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy
|September 8, 2020
Summary
Men have higher rates of urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (UCB), but women experience worse outcomes. This review explores gender disparities in UCB diagnosis and prognosis, identifying key contributing factors.
Area of Science:
- Urology
- Oncology
- Gender Medicine
Background:
- Gender disparities in urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (UCB) are evident, with men exhibiting higher incidence rates.
- Conversely, women diagnosed with UCB often present with advanced disease and face poorer survival outcomes compared to men.
Purpose of the Study:
- To explore and summarize existing evidence on gender differences in UCB diagnosis and prognosis.
- To investigate the underlying reasons contributing to these observed disparities between genders.
Main Methods:
- Systematic review and synthesis of current literature on gender-specific UCB data.
- Analysis of epidemiological, clinical, and survival data stratified by gender.
Main Results:
- Women are diagnosed with UCB at higher stages and experience increased stage-for-stage mortality, particularly within two years of diagnosis.
- Poorer survival outcomes are noted for women undergoing radical cystectomy (RC) or radiotherapy.
- Diagnostic delays, anatomical differences, and potentially hormonal factors contribute to these gender-based outcome disparities.
Conclusions:
- Addressing the gender divide in UCB outcomes is crucial.
- Recommendations include enhanced medical and patient education, alongside centralization of radical cystectomy procedures to improve female patient outcomes.
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