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A Facile Protocol to Generate Site-Specifically Acetylated Proteins in Escherichia Coli
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Learning from Nature to Expand the Genetic Code.

Enric Ros1, Adrian Gabriel Torres1, Lluís Ribas de Pouplana2

  • 1Institute for Research in Biomedicine, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Catalonia, 08028, Spain.

Trends in Biotechnology
|September 8, 2020
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Summary

Scientists are expanding the genetic code to create better proteins. This review explores methods for incorporating noncanonical amino acids and proposes new nature-inspired strategies for genetic code expansion.

Keywords:
aminoacyl tRNA synthetasecodon usagegenetic code expansionnoncanonical amino acidsorthogonal translation systemtransfer RNA

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Synthetic Biology

Background:

  • The genetic code dictates amino acid incorporation into proteins.
  • Protein functionality can be enhanced via artificial genetic code expansion.
  • In vivo genetic code expansion faces constraints similar to natural protein synthesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current strategies for incorporating noncanonical amino acids (ncAAs) into designer proteins.
  • To draw parallels between artificial genetic code expansion (GCE) and natural translational adaptations.
  • To propose novel, nature-inspired tactics for improving GCE in synthetic organisms.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on genetic code expansion techniques.
  • Analysis of cellular, molecular, and chemical manipulation strategies.
  • Comparative study of artificial GCE and natural protein synthesis adaptations.

Main Results:

  • Current GCE methods manipulate the translation machinery to incorporate ncAAs.
  • Natural adaptations in extant organisms offer insights into improving translation efficiency.
  • Parallels exist between engineered and naturally evolved translational enhancements.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding natural translation provides a framework for advancing synthetic biology.
  • Nature-inspired approaches hold promise for enhancing genetic code expansion.
  • Further research into GCE can lead to improved protein functionality and synthetic organisms.