Related Experiment Video
Updated: Dec 9, 2025

Clinical Practice Protocol of Creative Music Therapy for Preterm Infants and Their Parents in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Published on: January 7, 2020
Challenge of managing opposing rhythms in a mother and fetus
Nadia Chaudhry-Waterman1, Vineet Kumar2, Sharon Karr3
1Department of Pediatric Cardiology, INOVA Children's Hospital, Falls Church, Virginia.
Introduction:
We report a case of a fetus with complex congenital heart disease and supraventricular tachycardia in the setting of maternal high grade atrioventricular block at 26 weeks' gestation.
Methods And Results:
Electroanatomic mapping allowed successful implantation of a permanent pacemaker to provide adequate back-up pacing in the mother with zero radiation exposure, thus allowing safe delivery of transplacental anti-arrhythmic medications to reduce the fetal arrhythmia burden and optimize the fetal ventricular rate.
Conclusion:
This is the first reported case of using electroanatomic mapping, with zero fluoroscopy use, for pacemaker lead placement and for a novel indication.
Related Concept Videos
Fetal Circulation
Two umbilical arteries transport blood from the fetus to the placenta. At the placenta, the blood absorbs oxygen and nutrients while simultaneously eliminating waste products. This oxygen-enriched and nutrient-rich blood then returns to the fetus through one...
Pulse rhythm
Conversely, an irregular pulse pattern is termed dysrhythmia, stemming from disruptions in cardiac...
Dysrhythmias VII: Nursing Management of Dysrhythmias
Imbalances in Cardiac Output
CHF can occur due to the failure of either side of the heart. Left-side failure leads to pulmonary congestion—the right side continues to send...
ECG Interpretation of Rhythms
Components of the Electrocardiogram
The primary components of a normal ECG waveform in Normal sinus rhythm(NSR) include the P wave, PR interval, QRS complex, ST segment, T wave, and occasionally a U wave.
ECG waveforms are divided by vertical and horizontal lines at standard intervals.
The horizontal axis measures time and rate, and the vertical axis measures amplitude or voltage....
Dysrhythmias VI: Management of Dysrhythmias

