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Penis01:29

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The penis serves a dual role in sexual reproduction and urination. It consists of three main regions: the glans penis, the body, and the root, each with distinct functions and unique anatomical features.
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Sexual stimulation can take various forms, such as physical touch and visual or auditory cues. When this happens, the parasympathetic reflex in the sacral portion of the spinal cord is activated. This reflex stimulates the release of nitric oxide (NO), which then dilates the arterioles in the penis, increasing blood flow to the erectile tissues - the corpora cavernosa and corpus spongiosum.
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Men's health issues are increasingly recognized as significant, with several conditions posing common threats. Among these, testicular cancer is especially prevalent in younger men, particularly those aged 20 to 35 years. The disease often manifests as a painless mass in the testicles, sometimes accompanied by a sensation of heaviness or a dull ache.
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Systolic Heart Failure and Compensatory MechanismsSystolic heart failure (also termed HFrEF, Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) is the most prevalent type of heart filure. It results in a decreased volume of blood being pumped from the ventricle. The aortic arch and carotid sinuses have baroreceptors that detect reduced blood pressure, triggering the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to release epinephrine and norepinephrine. Initially, this response aims to boost heart rate and...
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[Infectious factor in transuretral surgery of benign prostate hyperplasia: a systematic review and meta-analysis].

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[Penile cavernous fibrosis: etiology, morphogenesis, erectile dysfunction].

M I Kogan1, Ig V Popov1, Il V Popov1

  • 1Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education Rostov State Medical University of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Rostov-on-Don, Russia.

Urologiia (Moscow, Russia : 1999)
|September 8, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Penile cavernous fibrosis, a key factor in erectile dysfunction, lacks clear epidemiological understanding. This review systematizes data on its causes and fibrotic reactions, aiming to clarify its role in sexual health.

Keywords:
cavernous fibrosiserectile dysfunctionetiologymorphogenesispenis

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Area of Science:

  • Andrology
  • Urology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Penile cavernous fibrosis is a poorly understood condition impacting erectile dysfunction.
  • Epidemiological data on its prevalence and role in sexual disorders are inconsistent and geographically varied.
  • The relationship between etiological factors and penile tissue morphology requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematize epidemiological data and etiological factors of penile cavernous fibrosis.
  • To define the relationship between etiological factors and cavernous fibrosis.
  • To analyze clinical and experimental studies on fibrogenic reactions in penile tissues.

Main Methods:

  • Systematization of existing epidemiological data.
  • Analysis of etiological factors contributing to fibrosis.
  • Review of clinical and experimental studies on fibrotic reactions.
  • Examination of pathohistological data from penile biopsies.

Main Results:

  • Significant variability in epidemiological data across different studies and regions.
  • Uncertainty regarding the specific role of organic penile disorders, including fibroplastic changes, in various etiological factors.
  • Limited pathohistological data hinders definitive conclusions on etiological factors and morphological changes.

Conclusions:

  • Further research is needed to establish a clear understanding of penile cavernous fibrosis epidemiology and etiology.
  • Consistent methodologies and more pathohistological studies are crucial for clarifying the link between causes and fibrotic changes.
  • A comprehensive approach is required to define the role of cavernous fibrosis in the spectrum of sexual disorders.