[Research progress of correlation between periodontal pathogens and systemic diseases]

Area of Science:

• Oral Health and Systemic Disease
• Microbiology and Immunology
• Periodontology

Background:

• Periodontal pathogens are key drivers of periodontitis, possessing virulence factors that trigger chronic inflammation.
• These pathogens can disseminate to multiple organ systems, contributing to systemic diseases.
• Emerging evidence links oral pathogens to conditions such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, and cancer.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review recent advancements in understanding the relationship between periodontal pathogens and systemic diseases.
• To elucidate the mechanisms by which oral pathogens influence systemic health.
• To consolidate current knowledge on the impact of periodontitis on overall well-being.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of recent studies on periodontal pathogens and systemic diseases.
• Analysis of research investigating the presence and effects of specific oral bacteria in systemic conditions.
• Synthesis of findings on the role of periodontal pathogens in cardiovascular disease, diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, and cancer.

Main Results:

• Porphyromonas gingivalis is implicated in cardiovascular disease by affecting vascular endothelium and in diabetes by promoting insulin resistance.
• Periodontal pathogens like Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, and Prevotella intermedia are found in rheumatoid arthritis patients.
• Fusobacterium nucleatum has been associated with intestinal microbiome alterations and the development of intestinal tumors.

Conclusions:

• Periodontal pathogens play a significant role in the pathogenesis of various systemic diseases.
• The oral cavity serves as a reservoir for pathogens that can impact distant organs and systems.
• Further research is warranted to fully understand and target the systemic implications of periodontal infections.