Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Acute Respiratory Failure-II01:21

Acute Respiratory Failure-II

856
Type I Respiratory Failure, or hypoxemic respiratory failure, occurs when the partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) in arterial blood falls below 60 mmHg while breathing room air without a corresponding increase in arterial carbon dioxide levels (PaCO2). This condition highlights a significant impairment in the lungs' capacity to oxygenate the blood.
The underlying physiological abnormalities that contribute to hypoxemic respiratory failure include:
856
Acute Respiratory Failure-III01:30

Acute Respiratory Failure-III

588
Hypercapnic respiratory failure, also known as Type 2 or ventilatory respiratory failure, is a severe condition characterized by the body's inability to effectively remove carbon dioxide (CO2) from the bloodstream. It leads to an arterial CO2 pressure (PaCO2) exceeding 45 mmHg and a blood pH above 7.35. This situation indicates that the body's ventilatory demand, or the ventilation needed to maintain normal PaCO2 levels, surpasses its supply or the maximum gas flow achievable without...
588
Acute Respiratory Failure-I01:21

Acute Respiratory Failure-I

625
Acute respiratory failure is a condition characterized by the inability of the lungs to perform their primary function: gas exchange. This failure leads to insufficient oxygen levels (hypoxemia) in the blood, elevated carbon dioxide levels (hypercapnia), or both, causing critical impairment in organ function.
Definition: It is defined by specific criteria based on blood gas measurements. Hypoxemia happens when the partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) falls below 60 mmHg. At the same time,...
625
Acute Respiratory Failure-V01:29

Acute Respiratory Failure-V

339
The treatment for acute respiratory failure varies based on factors like the underlying cause, overall health, and severity. A collaborative healthcare team is essential for early detection, often through arterial blood gas analysis. Identifying the cause is the primary goal, with treatment strategies adjusted for ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) mismatch, shunting, or diffusion impairment.
Ensure that patients are monitored continuously for their response to therapy, including changes in...
339
Pneumonia II: Pathophysiology01:29

Pneumonia II: Pathophysiology

2.2K
The pathophysiology of pneumonia involves the following steps:
2.2K
Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction01:23

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction

270
Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...
270

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Not Just Depression: A Delayed Diagnosis of HIV Dementia in an Adolescent Boy.

Pediatrics·2026
Same author

Social Determinants of Health and Pediatric Long COVID in the US.

JAMA pediatrics·2026
Same author

A Canadian Advanced Physiotherapist Practitioner Shared-Care Model in Pediatric Rheumatology Offers Safe and Quality Care in the Management of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis-Comparing Key Performance Indicators with the PR-COIN Registry.

Children (Basel, Switzerland)·2025
Same author

Identifying domains for CNO and SAPHO: A scoping review to create domains from existing outcomes by the OMERACT CNO and SAPHO working group.

Seminars in arthritis and rheumatism·2025
Same author

Evaluation of Health Disparities in Outcomes of Patients With Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis.

The Journal of rheumatology·2025
Same author

Medical Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms in Children and Adolescents with Chronic Inflammatory Arthritis: Prevalence and Associated Factors.

Children (Basel, Switzerland)·2025
Same journal

A 14-Year-old Girl With Neurologic Decline and Unexpected CSF Findings.

The Pediatric infectious disease journal·2026
Same journal

Model-based Differentiation Between Kawasaki Disease and MIS-C: The Importance of the Mitral Valve.

The Pediatric infectious disease journal·2026
Same journal

Pulmonary Embolism in Invasive Salmonella Infection: A Rare Cause of Acute Respiratory Failure in an Adolescent.

The Pediatric infectious disease journal·2026
Same journal

Phase 2/3, Open-label, Randomized, Active-controlled Clinical Trial Evaluating the Safety and Efficacy of Imipenem/Cilastatin/Relebactam in Pediatric Patients From Birth to Less Than 18 Years With Gram-negative Bacterial Infections.

The Pediatric infectious disease journal·2026
Same journal

Determinants of Severity in Pediatric Viral Lower Respiratory Tract Diseases From Emergency Department Presentation to Hospital Course.

The Pediatric infectious disease journal·2026
Same journal

Oropharyngeal Colonization by Kingella kingae and Septic Arthritis in Children 6-48 Months of Age: A Portuguese Multicenter Case-control Study.

The Pediatric infectious disease journal·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 9, 2025

Experimental Model to Evaluate Resolution of Pneumonia
09:49

Experimental Model to Evaluate Resolution of Pneumonia

Published on: February 17, 2023

1.7K

MIS-C After ARDS Associated With SARS-CoV-2.

Katharine Clouser1, Aryeh Baer, Sejal Bhavsar

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Joseph M. Sanzari Children's Hospital, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Nutley, New Jersey.

The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal
|September 8, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

An 11-year-old girl developed respiratory failure and tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. She later received a diagnosis of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) following new fevers and elevated inflammatory markers.

More Related Videos

Surfactant Depletion Combined with Injurious Ventilation Results in a Reproducible Model of the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ARDS
06:22

Surfactant Depletion Combined with Injurious Ventilation Results in a Reproducible Model of the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ARDS

Published on: April 7, 2021

3.7K
A Model of Self-limited Acute Lung Injury by Unilateral Intra-bronchial Acid Instillation
07:40

A Model of Self-limited Acute Lung Injury by Unilateral Intra-bronchial Acid Instillation

Published on: August 30, 2019

9.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 9, 2025

Experimental Model to Evaluate Resolution of Pneumonia
09:49

Experimental Model to Evaluate Resolution of Pneumonia

Published on: February 17, 2023

1.7K
Surfactant Depletion Combined with Injurious Ventilation Results in a Reproducible Model of the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ARDS
06:22

Surfactant Depletion Combined with Injurious Ventilation Results in a Reproducible Model of the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ARDS

Published on: April 7, 2021

3.7K
A Model of Self-limited Acute Lung Injury by Unilateral Intra-bronchial Acid Instillation
07:40

A Model of Self-limited Acute Lung Injury by Unilateral Intra-bronchial Acid Instillation

Published on: August 30, 2019

9.3K

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric critical care medicine
  • Infectious diseases
  • Rheumatology

Background:

  • The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 has been associated with various pediatric complications.
  • Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a rare but serious condition that can occur after COVID-19 infection.

Observation:

  • An 11-year-old female presented with acute respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation.
  • Initial testing confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection.
  • During recovery, the patient developed new-onset fever and laboratory evidence of systemic inflammation, including elevated inflammatory markers.

Findings:

  • Diagnostic workup excluded other infectious etiologies for the persistent fever and inflammation.
  • The clinical presentation and laboratory findings were consistent with a diagnosis of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C).
  • The diagnosis of MIS-C was established approximately one month after the initial SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Implications:

  • This case highlights the importance of considering MIS-C in pediatric patients presenting with respiratory failure and subsequent inflammatory symptoms after SARS-CoV-2 infection.
  • Early recognition and diagnosis of MIS-C are crucial for timely management and improved patient outcomes.
  • Further research is needed to understand the pathophysiology and long-term effects of MIS-C in children.