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Three-Dimensional Analysis of Cartridge Case Double-Casts.

Eric F Law¹, Keith B Morris¹

¹Department of Forensic and Investigative Science, West Virginia University, P.O. Box 6121, Morgantown, WV, 26506.

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|September 8, 2020

Summary

The double-casting method accurately replicates tool marks on fired cartridge cases. This technique minimizes variability, making it suitable for creating reliable training and testing sets in forensic science.

Keywords:

breech face cartridge case variability congruent matching cells double-casting firearm identification firearm tool mark

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Area of Science:

Forensic Science
Materials Science
Metrology

Background:

Shot-to-shot variability in fired cartridge case markings poses challenges for creating reliable forensic training and testing datasets.
The double-casting method is a potential replication technique, but its accuracy and variability require thorough characterization.

Purpose of the Study:

To characterize the accuracy and variability of the double-casting method for replicating tool marks on fired cartridge cases.
To assess the suitability of double-casting for generating training and testing sets in forensic ballistics.

Main Methods:

Fired 75 master cartridge cases from three firearms.
Created silicone molds and subsequently plastic resin reproductions (double-casts) for each master case.
Scanned master cases and double-casts using confocal microscopy to obtain 3D surface data.
Analyzed similarity using areal correlation coefficient (ACCFMAX) and congruent matching cells (CMC).

Main Results:

Double-casting demonstrated high accuracy in reproducing master cartridge case surfaces.
Minimal within-mold variability and low between-mold variability were observed.
Objective metrics (ACCFMAX, CMC) and visual examination confirmed the fidelity of the reproductions.

Conclusions:

The double-casting method is a viable technique for accurately replicating tool marks on fired cartridge cases.
The characterized low variability supports its application in creating standardized training and testing datasets for forensic analysis.
This method can enhance the consistency and reliability of forensic ballistics education and validation.