Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Physiological Control of Respiration01:23

Physiological Control of Respiration

5.4K
Introduction
Breathing, a seemingly passive process, is regulated by the respiratory center in the brainstem. This center coordinates the involuntary control of respirations, which means it occurs without conscious effort, ensuring a smooth and uninterrupted pattern.
Regulation of Ventilation
The body maintains ventilation by monitoring levels of carbon dioxide (CO2), oxygen (O2), and hydrogen ion concentration (pH) in the arterial blood. Among these factors, the level of CO2 plays a crucial...
5.4K
Chemical Factors Affecting Respiration Centers01:31

Chemical Factors Affecting Respiration Centers

1.8K
Chemical factors such as changing CO2, O2, and H+ levels in arterial blood play a critical role in influencing respiration depth and rates. These variations are detected by chemoreceptors—specialized sensors located in two primary body areas. Central chemoreceptors are found throughout the brain stem, including the ventrolateral medulla, while peripheral chemoreceptors are located in the aortic arch and carotid arteries.
CO2 has a potent influence on respiration and is strictly regulated....
1.8K
Oxygen Transport in the Blood01:27

Oxygen Transport in the Blood

5.2K
Hemoglobin (Hb) is a crucial molecule in the human body, consisting of four polypeptide chains, each bound to an iron-containing heme group. This unique structure enables hemoglobin to bind to oxygen, with each molecule capable of combining with four molecules of oxygen, leading to rapid and reversible oxygen loading. When fully loaded with oxygen, it is called oxyhemoglobin, while hemoglobin that has released oxygen is called reduced hemoglobin or deoxyhemoglobin. As hemoglobin binds oxygen,...
5.2K
Physiology of Respiration II: Neurogenic Control of Respiration01:22

Physiology of Respiration II: Neurogenic Control of Respiration

1.5K
The neurogenic control of respiration coordinates various neural networks and pathways to regulate breathing rate and depth, meeting the body's oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange requirements. This system adapts to physiological and environmental conditions, ensuring optimal breathing patterns.
Central Control
The brainstem is the primary site of central control, hosting respiratory centers:
1.5K
Special considerations while measuring oxygen saturation01:19

Special considerations while measuring oxygen saturation

816
Assessing respiratory rate concurrently with pulse measurement is fundamental to patient care, providing valuable insights into the patient's respiratory function. The normal breathing rate for an adult usually falls within a normal range of 12 to 20 breaths per minute. Abnormal respiratory rates can signal underlying health conditions or the need for immediate intervention.
Ensuring accuracy in vital sign recordings while prioritizing patient comfort and minimizing anxiety is...
816
Assessment of Diffusion and Perfusion01:17

Assessment of Diffusion and Perfusion

1.4K
Understanding and evaluating diffusion and perfusion is critical in assessing a patient's respiratory and circulatory health. These processes play key roles in maintaining the body's internal environment, ensuring that tissues receive adequate oxygen while waste products are efficiently removed.
The Role of Diffusion in Respiration
Diffusion is the process by which molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. In the respiratory system, this...
1.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Speech Motor Deficits in Developmental Stuttering and Parkinson's Disease: From Cellular and Circuit to Network-Level Disruptions.

The European journal of neuroscience·2026
Same author

A stuttering-associated <i>Gnptab</i> variant alters fine-motor kinematics.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025
Same author

Non-vocal motor deficits in a transgenic mouse model linked to stuttering disorders.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025
Same author

Iron dysregulation in mice engineered with a mutation associated with stuttering.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025
Same author

Stuttering: Our Current Knowledge, Research Opportunities, and Ways to Address Critical Gaps.

Neurobiology of language (Cambridge, Mass.)·2025
Same author

Morphological deficits of glial cells in a transgenic mouse model for developmental stuttering.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 9, 2025

Oxygenation-sensitive Cardiac MRI with Vasoactive Breathing Maneuvers for the Non-invasive Assessment of Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction
08:35

Oxygenation-sensitive Cardiac MRI with Vasoactive Breathing Maneuvers for the Non-invasive Assessment of Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction

Published on: August 17, 2022

2.9K

Physiology: New Insights into Central Oxygen Sensing.

Shahriar SheikhBahaei1

  • 1Neuron-Glia Signaling and Circuits Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.

Current Biology : CB
|September 8, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Brainstem astrocytes, crucial for breathing, sense oxygen levels. Their ability to move TRPA1 channels in and out of cell membranes is key to this respiratory control function.

More Related Videos

Intra-cardiac Side-Firing Light Catheter for Monitoring Cellular Metabolism using Transmural Absorbance Spectroscopy of Perfused Mammalian Hearts
08:51

Intra-cardiac Side-Firing Light Catheter for Monitoring Cellular Metabolism using Transmural Absorbance Spectroscopy of Perfused Mammalian Hearts

Published on: May 12, 2019

7.0K
A Model to Simulate Clinically Relevant Hypoxia in Humans
09:54

A Model to Simulate Clinically Relevant Hypoxia in Humans

Published on: December 22, 2016

9.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 9, 2025

Oxygenation-sensitive Cardiac MRI with Vasoactive Breathing Maneuvers for the Non-invasive Assessment of Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction
08:35

Oxygenation-sensitive Cardiac MRI with Vasoactive Breathing Maneuvers for the Non-invasive Assessment of Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction

Published on: August 17, 2022

2.9K
Intra-cardiac Side-Firing Light Catheter for Monitoring Cellular Metabolism using Transmural Absorbance Spectroscopy of Perfused Mammalian Hearts
08:51

Intra-cardiac Side-Firing Light Catheter for Monitoring Cellular Metabolism using Transmural Absorbance Spectroscopy of Perfused Mammalian Hearts

Published on: May 12, 2019

7.0K
A Model to Simulate Clinically Relevant Hypoxia in Humans
09:54

A Model to Simulate Clinically Relevant Hypoxia in Humans

Published on: December 22, 2016

9.2K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Respiratory Physiology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Astrocytes are glial cells in the central nervous system.
  • Astrocytes possess chemosensitive properties relevant to respiratory regulation.
  • The precise mechanisms of astrocyte-mediated respiratory sensing are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of astrocyte TRPA1 channels in central respiratory oxygen sensing.
  • To determine the contribution of TRPA1 channel trafficking to astrocyte chemosensitivity in the brainstem.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized advanced imaging techniques to observe TRPA1 channel dynamics in brainstem astrocytes.
  • Employed electrophysiological recordings to assess astrocyte responses to oxygen changes.
  • Investigated the functional impact of modulating TRPA1 channel trafficking on respiratory control.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated that TRPA1 channels are present in brainstem astrocytes.
  • Showed that TRPA1 channel trafficking to and from the astrocyte cell membrane occurs in response to oxygen levels.
  • Found that altered TRPA1 channel trafficking affects astrocyte chemosensitivity and respiratory output.

Conclusions:

  • Astrocyte TRPA1 channel trafficking is a critical component of central respiratory oxygen sensing.
  • This study reveals a novel mechanism by which astrocytes contribute to respiratory homeostasis.
  • Findings provide new insights into the cellular basis of respiratory control and potential therapeutic targets.