Investigating the effects of pre-stimulus cortical oscillatory activity on behavior

Rhythmic brain activity may reflect a functional mechanism that facilitates cortical processing and dynamic interareal interactions and thereby give rise to complex behavior. Using magnetoencephalography (MEG), we investigated rhythmic brain activity in a brain-wide network and their relation to behavior, while human subjects executed a variant of the Simon task, a simple stimulus-response task with well-studied behavioral effects. We hypothesized that the faster reaction times (RT) on stimulus-response congruent versus incongruent trials are associated with oscillatory power changes, reflecting a change in local cortical activation. Additionally, we hypothesized that the faster reaction times for trials following instances with the same stimulus-response contingency (the so-called Gratton effect) is related to contingency-induced changes in the state of the network, as measured by differences in local spectral power and interareal phase coherence. This would be achieved by temporarily upregulating the connectivity strength between behaviorally relevant network nodes. We identified regions-of-interest that differed in local synchrony during the response phase of the Simon task. Within this network, spectral power in none of the nodes in either of the studied frequencies was significantly different in the pre-cue window of the subsequent trial. Nor was there a significant difference in coherence between the task-relevant nodes that could explain the superior behavioral performance after compatible consecutive trials.