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Microbiota-immune system interactions and enteric virus infection.

Mikal A Woods Acevedo1, Julie K Pfeiffer1

  • 1Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.

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Intestinal microbes, known as microbiota, significantly impact enteric virus infections. This review explores how microbiota influence the host immune system, potentially affecting viral replication and disease.

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Microbiology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Enteric viruses are significant global pathogens.
  • The intestinal microbiota community plays a crucial role in enteric virus replication, pathogenesis, and transmission.
  • Mechanisms linking microbiota to enhanced enteric virus infection are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review how the intestinal microbiota influences the host immune system.
  • To explore the potential impact of microbiota-mediated immune modulation on enteric virus infections.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies investigating the interplay between intestinal microbiota and host immunity.
  • Analysis of existing research on microbiota's role in enteric virus infection and immune responses.

Main Results:

  • The host immune system's function is intrinsically linked to the abundance and composition of the intestinal microbiota.
  • Microbiota can shape both innate and adaptive immune responses relevant to viral infections.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding microbiota-immune system interactions is key to elucidating mechanisms of enteric virus pathogenesis.
  • Modulation of the intestinal microbiota may offer novel strategies for controlling enteric viral infections.