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Manipulation of JAK/STAT Signalling by High-Risk HPVs: Potential Therapeutic Targets for HPV-Associated Malignancies

Ethan L Morgan1, Andrew Macdonald2,3

  • 1Tumour Biology Section, Head and Neck Surgery Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.

Viruses
|September 9, 2020
PubMed

Insights

Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) manipulate the Janus Kinase/Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (JAK/STAT) pathway to promote cancer development. Inhibiting STAT3 and STAT5 may offer new treatments for HPV-associated cancers.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Cancer Biology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are oncogenic viruses responsible for significant cancer burdens, including cervical, anogenital, and oral cancers.
  • HPV oncoproteins (E5, E6, E7) subvert host cellular pathways, including immune evasion and promoting viral persistence.
  • The Janus Kinase/Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (JAK/STAT) pathway is crucial for cell proliferation, survival, and immune responses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review how HPV interacts with and manipulates the JAK/STAT signaling pathway.
  • To explore the role of STAT3 and STAT5 in HPV-driven cancers.
  • To discuss potential therapeutic strategies targeting the JAK/STAT pathway in HPV-associated diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing research on HPV, JAK/STAT signaling, and cancer biology.
  • Analysis of the mechanisms by which HPV oncoproteins affect JAK/STAT components.
  • Synthesis of information regarding therapeutic interventions targeting the JAK/STAT pathway.

Main Results:

  • HPV infection hijacks the JAK/STAT pathway to facilitate immune evasion and uncontrolled cell proliferation.
  • STAT3 and STAT5 activation are frequently observed in HPV-associated cancers, correlating with increased survival and proliferation.
  • The JAK/STAT pathway is a critical mediator of oncogenesis in HPV-driven malignancies.

Conclusions:

  • Targeting STAT3 and STAT5 offers a promising therapeutic avenue for treating HPV-associated cancers.
  • Understanding HPV's manipulation of JAK/STAT signaling is key to developing effective anti-cancer strategies.
  • Inhibition of the JAK/STAT pathway could represent a novel treatment modality for patients with HPV-related malignancies.
Keywords:
HPVJAKSTATcancercytokine signallinginterferon signalling

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