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Evidence for Attentional Phenotypes in Infancy and Their Role in Visual Cognitive Performance.

Shannon Ross-Sheehy1, Esther Reynolds1, Bret Eschman2

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.

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|September 9, 2020
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Infant attention patterns, identified by the Infant Orienting with Attention (IOWA) task, predict cognitive development. Early identification of attentional phenotypes may help understand visuo-cognitive differences.

Keywords:
cognitive developmenteye-trackinginfant attentioninfant developmentsaccadessaccadic reaction timevisual attentionvisual orientingvisual working memory

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Psychology
  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Infant Behavior

Background:

  • Infant visual attention is crucial for cognitive development.
  • Individual differences in eye movement patterns may influence early experiences and later cognitive skills.
  • Identifying sub-optimal attentional behaviors in infancy could predict cognitive deficits.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify distinct infant attentional phenotypes using a cued-attention task.
  • To examine the developmental trajectories of these phenotypes from 5 to 11 months.
  • To determine if attentional phenotypes predict individual differences in cognitive functioning.

Main Methods:

  • Latent profile analysis of the Infant Orienting with Attention (IOWA) task scores.
  • Eye-tracking data analysis using linear mixed effect models and growth curve analysis (5-11 months).
  • Assessment of visual short-term memory performance across identified attentional phenotypes.

Main Results:

  • Three infant attentional phenotypes were identified: high flexible (optimal), low reactive (slow), and high reactive (over-sensitive).
  • Significant, stable differences in growth trajectories were observed for each phenotype group.
  • Attentional phenotypes significantly predicted individual differences in visual short-term memory performance.

Conclusions:

  • Attentional phenotypes emerge early in infancy and show distinct developmental patterns.
  • These phenotypes are associated with unique visuo-cognitive functioning.
  • Early identification of attentional phenotypes may offer insights into the origins of individual cognitive differences.