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Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:13

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Alkenes undergo reduction by the addition of molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. Because the process generally occurs in the presence of a transition-metal catalyst, the reaction is called catalytic hydrogenation.
Metals like palladium, platinum, and nickel are commonly used in their solid forms — fine powder on an inert surface. As these catalysts remain insoluble in the reaction mixture, they are referred to as heterogeneous catalysts.
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Alkenes can be dihydroxylated using potassium permanganate.  The method encompasses the reaction of an alkene with a cold, dilute solution of potassium permanganate under basic conditions to form a cis-diol along with a brown precipitate of manganese dioxide.
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Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
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Realizing Hydrogen De/Absorption Under Low Temperature for MgH2 by Doping Mn-Based Catalysts.

Ze Sun1, Liuting Zhang1, Nianhua Yan1

  • 1College of Energy and Power, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, China.

Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland)
|September 9, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Manganese catalysts significantly improve magnesium hydride (MgH2) for hydrogen storage. Doping MgH2 with manganese reduces dehydrogenation temperatures and enhances hydrogen release and absorption kinetics, enabling practical applications.

Keywords:
MgH2Mn-based catalystscatalytic effecthydrogen storagereversibility

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Energy Storage
  • Catalysis

Background:

  • Magnesium hydride (MgH2) is a promising material for hydrogen storage.
  • Practical application is limited by slow kinetics and unfavorable thermodynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To enhance the hydrogen storage performance of MgH2.
  • To investigate the catalytic effect of Mn-based materials (MnCl2 and Mn) on MgH2.

Main Methods:

  • Doping MgH2 with MnCl2 and submicron-Mn.
  • Analyzing dehydrogenation and hydrogenation properties.
  • Measuring activation energy and cycling stability.

Main Results:

  • Onset dehydrogenation temperature reduced from 315 °C (undoped MgH2) to 183 °C (submicron-Mn-doped MgH2).
  • MgH2 + 10 wt% submicron-Mn composite released 6.6 wt% H2 in 8 min at 300 °C.
  • Rehydrogenation of 3.0 wt% H2 achieved in 30 min at 100 °C and 3 MPa.
  • Activation energy for hydrogenation decreased significantly to 17.3 ± 0.4 kJ/mol.

Conclusions:

  • Mn-based catalysts effectively improve MgH2 hydrogen storage kinetics and thermodynamics.
  • Submicron-Mn doping shows excellent performance and cycling stability.
  • This research provides a valuable reference for developing efficient solid-state hydrogen storage systems.