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Bacteriophage-Based Vaccines: A Potent Approach for Antigen Delivery
Alejandro González-Mora1, Jesús Hernández-Pérez1, Hafiz M N Iqbal1
1Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey, N.L. 64849, Mexico.
Bacteriophages offer a cost-effective vaccine alternative by displaying antigens on their surface. This approach leverages phage properties for enhanced vaccine delivery systems, overcoming limitations of traditional vaccines.
Area of Science:
- Biotechnology
- Immunology
- Vaccinology
Background:
- Vaccines are crucial medical bioproducts, but some face limitations like high cost and low immunogenicity.
- Bacteriophages present a promising, cost-effective alternative for vaccine development.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review advances in bacteriophage-based vaccine development.
- To explore vaccine delivery strategies, immunological aspects, and applications of phage display.
Main Methods:
- Review of current literature on bacteriophage-based vaccines.
- Analysis of phage display technology for antigen expression and epitope identification.
- Discussion of immunological responses and delivery systems.
Main Results:
- Phage-displayed vaccines express antigens on the phage surface, utilizing inherent adjuvant capacity, economic production, and stability.
- Three types of phage-based vaccines exist: phage-displayed, phage DNA, and hybrid phage-DNA.
- Phage display is effective for identifying protective epitopes and antigens.
Conclusions:
- Bacteriophage particles are versatile, effective, and promising for developing advanced vaccine delivery systems.
- Further exploitation of phage technology is recommended for future vaccine development.
- Challenges and future directions in phage-based vaccines are discussed.
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