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Related Concept Videos

Complexation Equilibria: The Chelate Effect01:19

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In complexation reactions, metal atoms or cations interact with ligands to form donor-acceptor adducts called metal complexes. Ligands that bind through one donor site are monodentate, ligands with two donor sites are bidentate, and those with more than two donor sites are polydentate ligands. For example, ethylene diamine is a bidentate ligand that binds through two nitrogen donor atoms, forming a five-membered ring. EDTA is a polydentate ligand that binds through four oxygen and two nitrogen...
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Metal ions can be separated from one another by complexation with organic ligands–the chelating agent– to form uncharged chelates. Here, the chelating agent must contain hydrophobic groups and behave as a weak acid, losing a proton to bind with the metal. Since most organic ligands used in this process are insoluble or undergo oxidation in the aqueous phase, the chelating agent is initially added to the organic phase and extracted into the aqueous phase. The metal-ligand complex is...
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Polydentate ligands are most widely used in complexometric titrations because they form more stable complexes with the metal ions than mono- or bidentate ligands due to the chelate effect. Examples of polydentate ligands are ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), crown ethers, and cryptands. The most important feature of optimal polydentate ligands is the ability to form 1:1 complexes in a single-step process. Amino carboxylic acid derivatives are frequently used as complexing agents. EDTA is...
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Different monodentate and polydentate ligands are used as complexing agents in complexometric titration reactions. The formation of complexes by mono- and bidentate ligands involves two or more intermediate steps, limiting their use as complexing agents. In comparison, polydentate ligands can form complexes with metal ions in a single-step process, facilitating sharper end points. This means polydentate ligands, such as amino carboxylic acid derivatives, are most commonly employed in...
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Ion exchange chromatography separates charged molecules from a solution by reversibly exchanging them with mobile, or 'active', ions associated with the oppositely charged stationary phase. This method can be used to separate ions, soften and deionize water, and purify solutions. The polymers comprising the ion-exchange column are high-molecular-weight and chemically stable polymers, crosslinked to be porous and essentially insoluble. They are also functionalized with either acidic or...
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EDTA titrations are usually carried out in highly basic conditions, where the fully deprotonated form of EDTA, Y4−, actively complexes with the free metal ions in the solution. Several metal ions precipitate as hydrous oxide (hydroxides, oxides, or oxyhydroxides) under these conditions, lowering the concentration of free metal ions in the solution. For this reason, auxiliary complexing agents or ligands such as ammonia, tartrate, citrate, or triethanolamine are used in EDTA titrations to...
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Resistance to compressive force in continuous chelation.

Patricia P Wright1, Suzanne Scott2, Sowmya Shetty1

  • 1School of Dentistry, University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia.

Australian Endodontic Journal : the Journal of the Australian Society of Endodontology Inc
|September 9, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Continuous chelation using sodium hypochlorite with etidronate or clodronate did not affect tooth mechanical strength. This method is comparable to the standard sodium hypochlorite/EDTA sequence for root canal preparation.

Keywords:
clodronatecontinuous chelationetidronatefracture resistancesodium hypochlorite

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Area of Science:

  • Dental materials science
  • Biomaterials engineering
  • Endodontic research

Background:

  • Continuous chelation combines sodium hypochlorite with chelating agents.
  • Investigating potential adverse effects of weak chelators like etidronate or clodronate when combined with sodium hypochlorite is crucial.
  • Understanding the impact on tooth mechanical strength is vital for endodontic procedures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate if continuous chelation mixtures of sodium hypochlorite with etidronate or clodronate affect tooth mechanical strength.
  • To compare the mechanical properties of teeth treated with these mixtures against a standard sodium hypochlorite/EDTA sequence.

Main Methods:

  • Bovine teeth were used in matching pairs for mechanical testing.
  • Teeth were subjected to compressive load testing on a universal testing machine to determine fracture point.
  • One root from each pair was prepared using the standard sodium hypochlorite/EDTA sequence; the other received water, clodronate mixture, or etidronate mixture.

Main Results:

  • No significant differences in the load at fracture were observed between the continuous chelation mixtures (etidronate/clodronate with sodium hypochlorite) and the standard sodium hypochlorite/EDTA sequence.
  • Teeth irrigated with water exhibited higher fracture loads compared to those treated with the standard sequence.
  • Continuous chelation mixtures did not negatively impact the mechanical properties of the teeth.

Conclusions:

  • Continuous chelation using sodium hypochlorite with etidronate or clodronate does not adversely affect tooth mechanical strength.
  • These findings suggest that continuous chelation protocols are a viable alternative to traditional sequential irrigation in endodontics.
  • Further research may explore long-term effects and clinical applications of continuous chelation techniques.