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T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 9, 2025

Real-time Live Imaging of T-cell Signaling Complex Formation

Real-time Live Imaging of T-cell Signaling Complex Formation

Published on: June 23, 2013

Time-resolved microwell cell-pairing array reveals multiple T cell activation profiles.

Anna Desalvo¹, Faith Bateman, Edward James

¹Centre for Cancer Immunology, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK. tje@soton.ac.uk.

|September 9, 2020

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

New high-throughput platform reveals diverse T cell responses. This technology measures single T cell signaling in real-time, uncovering outlier behaviors masked by bulk analysis in immunology research.

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Last Updated: Dec 9, 2025

Real-time Live Imaging of T-cell Signaling Complex Formation

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Published on: June 23, 2013

Spatial and Temporal Control of T Cell Activation Using a Photoactivatable Agonist

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A TIRF Microscopy Technique for Real-time, Simultaneous Imaging of the TCR and its Associated Signaling Proteins

A TIRF Microscopy Technique for Real-time, Simultaneous Imaging of the TCR and its Associated Signaling Proteins

Published on: March 22, 2012

Area of Science:

Immunology
Cell Biology
Biotechnology

Background:

Individual cell behavior is crucial in biological systems but often obscured by bulk analysis.
Understanding T cell responses, particularly in cancer immunology and immunodominance, requires single-cell resolution.
Existing single-cell technologies lack the capacity for time-resolved functional analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and validate an accessible, high-throughput platform for real-time, single-cell T cell signaling analysis.
To investigate the heterogeneity of T cell activation profiles in response to various stimuli.
To explore the role of outlier cells in immunological phenomena.

Main Methods:

Development of a cell-trap array with thousands of microwells for isolating single T cells.
Utilizing passive sedimentation and size exclusion for high-occupancy single-cell loading.
Measuring intracellular calcium concentrations in real-time using fluorescent dyes after stimulation with reagents or antigen-presenting cells.

Main Results:

The platform successfully isolated and stimulated thousands of single CD8+ T cells simultaneously.
Demonstrated diverse activation profiles among individual cells of a cloned T cell hybridoma.
Identified distinct activation patterns and rare outlier behaviors in response to specific and non-specific stimuli.

Conclusions:

The developed platform provides a powerful tool for high-throughput, time-resolved single-cell immune analysis.
Reveals significant heterogeneity in T cell responses, challenging assumptions based on average population behavior.
Offers new avenues for investigating complex immunological questions, including cancer antigen responses and immunodominance.