Exploring the Genetic Divergence in Mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) Germplasm Using Multiple Molecular Marker Systems

Molecular markers are considered powerful tools to identify the potential genetic variation. Forty-two RAPD, ISSR and SSR markers were employed to characterize 21 mungbean genotypes. RAPD primers produced 79 polymorphic bands while ISSR and SSR markers amplified 21 and 6 polymorphic bands, respectively. The range for minimum and maximum number of bands was 3-13, 3-9 and 1-2 and average alleles per loci were 8.17, 4.3 and 1 for RAPD, ISSR and SSR, respectively. Highest polymorphism percentage was 100% for both ISSR and SSR while 80% for RAPD markers. The SSR-VR-303 and ISSR-UBC-810 had highest PIC values (0.44, 0.72) indicating the more discriminating power of these primers for diversity analysis. RAPD primer OPA-7 with maximum PIC value (0.26) resulted in good amplification. Jaccard's similarity coefficient ranged between 0.50 to 1, 0.64 to 1 and 0.75 to 1 for SSR, ISSR and RAPD primers, respectively, indicating less genetic divergence among studied material. Dendrogram based on Unweighted Pair Group Method of Arithmetic Means (UPGMA) grouped mungbean genotypes into two to three major clusters for different marker system with up to 100% genetic relatedness among different cultivars. Molecular genetic divergence identified can be utilized to widen the genetic base in mungbean breeding programs.