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Hypoxia: A Double-Edged Sword During Fungal Pathogenesis?
Hyunjung Chung1, Yong-Hwan Lee1,2
1Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
Frontiers in Microbiology
|September 9, 2020
Summary
Eukaryotes sense and adapt to oxygen levels, crucial for respiration and metabolism. Fungal pathogens exploit low-oxygen conditions during infection, impacting virulence and ergosterol homeostasis.
Area of Science:
- Molecular biology
- Microbiology
- Pathogenesis
Background:
- Molecular oxygen is vital for eukaryotic aerobic respiration and cellular processes.
- Eukaryotes possess oxygen-sensing mechanisms to adapt metabolism to varying oxygen availability.
- Hypoxia (low oxygen) is a condition encountered by pathogens during host infection.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review oxygen sensing and adaptive mechanisms in eukaryotes.
- To discuss the emerging understanding of hypoxic responses in plant fungal pathogens.
- To highlight the role of oxygen availability in host-pathogen interactions.
Main Methods:
- Literature review and synthesis of existing research.
- Analysis of transcriptional and metabolic reprogramming in response to oxygen levels.
- Comparative discussion of eukaryotic and plant pathogen oxygen adaptation strategies.
Main Results:
- Eukaryotes regulate gene expression and metabolism to cope with oxygen fluctuations.
- Human fungal pathogens alter virulence and ergosterol homeostasis under hypoxia.
- Plant tissues exhibit variable oxygen levels, creating hypoxic environments for pathogens.
Conclusions:
- Oxygen sensing and adaptation are fundamental eukaryotic processes.
- Plant fungal pathogens leverage hypoxia for infection, necessitating further research into their adaptive strategies.
- Understanding oxygen's role is key to deciphering eukaryotic and pathogen survival mechanisms.
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