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Tracking Individual Running Metrics in Mice Using a Voluntary Wheel Running Protocol that Minimizes Social Isolation
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When Anger Motivates: Approach States Selectively Influence Running Performance.

Grace E Giles1,2, Carlene A Horner2, Eric Anderson2,3

  • 1U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command Soldier Center, Natick, MA, United States.

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|September 9, 2020
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Summary

Exploring the impact of emotions on athletic performance, this study found that anger, an approach-related emotion, improved 2-mile running speed in slower participants. This suggests motivational aspects of emotions can enhance exercise. Keywords: athletic performance, emotions, anger, exercise, running speed.

Keywords:
approachavoidanceemotionexercisemotivation

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Science
  • Psychology of Exercise
  • Affective Science

Background:

  • Emotional states significantly influence athletic performance, with high-arousal emotions often enhancing it.
  • Previous research primarily examined valence and arousal, neglecting the motivational dimension (approach vs. avoidance) of emotions in exercise contexts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if approach- (anger) and avoidance- (fear) oriented emotions, induced via films and music, affect 2-mile time trial performance.
  • To confirm the effectiveness of selected media in inducing target emotional states (anger, fear, neutral).

Main Methods:

  • Study 1: Participants viewed films and listened to music designed to elicit anger, fear, or neutral emotions to validate induction effectiveness.
  • Study 2: Participants completed a 2-mile time trial after emotion induction; performance and perceived exertion were measured.
  • Statistical analysis included comparisons across emotion conditions and between faster and slower runners (median split).

Main Results:

  • Study 1 confirmed that the chosen films and music successfully induced the intended emotional states.
  • In Study 2, no significant differences in run time or perceived exertion were found between emotion conditions for all participants or faster runners.
  • Slower runners exhibited increased 2-mile running speed following anger induction compared to the neutral condition.

Conclusions:

  • Emotions associated with approach motivation, such as anger, may enhance exercise performance, particularly in less proficient individuals.
  • The motivational dimension of emotions is a crucial factor influencing athletic performance, warranting further investigation.
  • Findings suggest tailored emotional strategies could potentially optimize performance in specific athletic populations.