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Related Concept Videos

RNA Interference01:23

RNA Interference

27.4K
RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...
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Experimental RNAi02:15

Experimental RNAi

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RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism that inhibits gene expression by suppressing its transcription or activating the RNA degradation process. The mechanism was discovered by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello in 1998 in plants. Today, it is observed in almost all eukaryotes, including protozoa, flies, nematodes, insects, parasites, and mammals. This precise cellular mechanism of gene silencing has been developed into a technique that provides an efficient way to identify and determine the...
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Types of RNA01:23

Types of RNA

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Overview
Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA...
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Types of RNA01:20

Types of RNA

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Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA Performs Diverse...
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RNA Stability01:53

RNA Stability

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Intact DNA strands can be found in fossils, while scientists sometimes struggle to keep RNA intact under laboratory conditions. The structural variations between RNA and DNA underlie the differences in their stability and longevity. Because DNA is double-stranded, it is inherently more stable. The single-stranded structure of RNA is less stable but also more flexible and can form weak internal bonds. Additionally, most RNAs in the cell are relatively short, while DNA can be up to 250 million...
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siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs02:30

siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs

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Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
In the cytoplasm, siRNA is processed from a double-stranded RNA, which comes from either endogenous DNA transcription or exogenous sources like a virus. This double-stranded RNA is then cleaved by the...
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Using In Vitro and In-cell SHAPE to Investigate Small Molecule Induced Pre-mRNA Structural Changes
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Key Mechanistic Principles and Considerations Concerning RNA Interference.

Petr Svoboda1

  • 1Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia.

Frontiers in Plant Science
|September 9, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

RNA interference (RNAi) is a sequence-specific RNA degradation process. Its high specificity in invertebrates offers potential for selective pest control applications.

Keywords:
RNAiargonautedicerdsRNAmiRNAoff-targeting

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • RNA interference (RNAi) is a conserved biological process involving sequence-specific degradation of RNA molecules.
  • It is triggered by long double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) and is a key component of RNA silencing pathways.
  • RNAi mechanisms are present in many organisms, particularly invertebrates.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an introductory overview of RNA interference mechanisms.
  • To explain the key mechanistic aspects of RNAi.
  • To explore the potential and constraints of RNAi for pest control.

Main Methods:

  • Description of the four basic steps of canonical RNAi: dsRNA processing by Dicer into siRNA, Argonaute loading, target recognition, and target cleavage.
  • Discussion of pathway diversification and amplification loops involving RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and secondary siRNAs.
  • Focus on mechanistic understanding for application insights.

Main Results:

  • RNAi involves precise processing of dsRNA into small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) that guide target recognition and cleavage.
  • The pathway can be amplified through secondary siRNA generation, enhancing silencing.
  • RNAi exhibits high specificity, a crucial feature for its application.

Conclusions:

  • RNA interference is a highly specific RNA degradation mechanism with conserved steps.
  • Its specificity and presence in invertebrates present opportunities for developing targeted pest control strategies.
  • Understanding RNAi mechanisms is essential for realizing its potential and addressing limitations in pest management.