Related Experiment Video
Updated: Dec 9, 2025

Direct Stochastic Optical Reconstruction Microscopy of Extracellular Vesicles in Three Dimensions
Published on: August 26, 2021
Extracellular Vesicle-Related Thrombosis in Viral Infection
Shosaku Nomura1, Takehito Taniura2, Tomoki Ito1
1First Department of Internal Medicine, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan.
Abstract:
Although the outcomes of viral infectious diseases are remarkably varied, most infections cause acute diseases after a short period. Novel coronavirus disease 2019, which recently spread worldwide, is no exception. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small circulating membrane-enclosed entities shed from the cell surface in response to cell activation or apoptosis. EVs transport various kinds of bioactive molecules between cells, including functional RNAs, such as viral RNAs and proteins. Therefore, when EVs are at high levels, changes in cell activation, inflammation, angioplasty and transportation suggest that EVs are associated with various diseases. Clinical research on EVs includes studies on the coagulatory system. In particular, abnormal enhancement of the coagulatory system through EVs can cause thrombosis. In this review, we address the functions of EVs, thrombosis, and their involvement in viral infection.
Related Concept Videos
Venous Thrombosis I: Introduction
Venous Thrombosis III: Interprofessional Care
Intralumenal Vesicles and Multivesicular Bodies
Vesicular Tubular Clusters
With the help of motor proteins such...
Viral Recombination
Anticoagulant Drugs: Low-Molecular-Weight Heparins

