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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 9, 2025

Technical Approach for Infrared Tracking for Soft Tissue Navigation with a Holographic Head-Mounted Display and Preclinical Validation
10:25

Technical Approach for Infrared Tracking for Soft Tissue Navigation with a Holographic Head-Mounted Display and Preclinical Validation

Published on: September 2, 2025

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Augmented reality and artificial intelligence-assisted surgical navigation: Technique and cadaveric feasibility

Kris B Siemionow1, Karina M Katchko2, Paul Lewicki1

  • 1Department of Research, HoloSurgical Inc., Chicago, IL, USA.

Journal of Craniovertebral Junction & Spine
|September 9, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Augmented reality and artificial intelligence (ARAI) navigation accurately guided pedicle instrumentation in cadaveric spines. This system precisely overlaid virtual anatomy, showing potential to improve minimally invasive spine surgery outcomes.

Keywords:
Augmented realityminimally invasive spine surgerypedicle screw accuracysurgical navigation

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Area of Science:

  • Spine surgery
  • Medical imaging
  • Surgical navigation

Background:

  • Intraoperative augmented reality (AR) can project virtual bony anatomy onto real anatomy.
  • Computer tomography (CT)-generated DICOM images are used for intraoperative AR overlays.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Develop and assess accuracy of AR-assisted surgical navigation for lumbar vertebrae pedicle instrumentation.
  • Evaluate feasibility of using AR for percutaneous pedicle screw placement.

Main Methods:

  • An augmented reality and artificial intelligence (ARAI) system was developed for surgical navigation.
  • The system registered virtual 3D images to cadaveric spines using optical tracking.
  • Accuracy was determined by comparing virtual probe placement to actual bone position.

Main Results:

  • The ARAI system correctly placed navigated probes in all 24 attempted pedicle levels in four cadaveric spines.
  • Placement accuracy met established criteria (Zdichavsky type 1a, Ravi type I, Gertzbein type 0).
  • Virtual overlay images precisely corresponded to intraoperative 3D generated images.

Conclusions:

  • The ARAI surgical navigation system accurately identified pedicle starting points in all tested levels.
  • Virtual anatomy overlay demonstrated precise correspondence with actual anatomy.
  • This technology may standardize surgical outcomes and reduce learning curves in minimally invasive spine surgery.