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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 9, 2025

Technique of Conjunctival Biopsy and Direct Immunofluorescence for Diagnosing Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid
05:05

Technique of Conjunctival Biopsy and Direct Immunofluorescence for Diagnosing Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid

Published on: June 17, 2025

787

Ocular cicatricial pemphigoid (Review).

Daniel Constantin Branisteanu1, Gabriela Stoleriu2, Daciana Elena Branisteanu3

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology, 'Grigore T. Popa' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
|September 9, 2020
PubMed
Summary

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This summary is machine-generated.

Ocular cicatricial pemphigoid, a chronic autoimmune eye disease, can cause vision loss without treatment. Prompt diagnosis and long-term systemic therapy effectively control 90% of cases, preventing severe ocular complications.

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Autoimmune Diseases
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Ocular cicatricial pemphigoid (OCP) is a chronic autoimmune subepithelial blistering disease affecting the conjunctiva.
  • It is a severe form of mucous membrane pemphigoid, leading to significant ocular complications and potential vision loss if untreated.
  • The pathogenesis involves a type II hypersensitivity response, likely triggered by genetic predisposition and environmental factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of ocular cicatricial pemphigoid, including its pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management.
  • To highlight the importance of early diagnosis and effective treatment strategies to prevent vision loss.
  • To discuss current therapeutic approaches, from first-line treatments to options for recalcitrant cases.

Main Methods:

Keywords:
ankyloblepharoncicatricial pemphigoid immunofluorescencemucous membrane pemphigoidocular pemphigoidsymblepharon

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  • Review of existing literature on ocular cicatricial pemphigoid.
  • Analysis of diagnostic criteria, including biopsy and immunofluorescence.
  • Evaluation of treatment protocols and their efficacy.

Main Results:

  • Without therapy, 75% of OCP cases develop visual loss due to complications like severe dry-eye syndrome and corneal damage.
  • Conjunctival biopsy with direct immunofluorescence is the gold standard for diagnosis, though up to 40% of results may be negative.
  • Long-term systemic therapy achieves 90% disease control, with Dapsone as first-line for mild-moderate cases and immunosuppressants for severe disease.

Conclusions:

  • Ocular cicatricial pemphigoid requires prompt diagnosis and aggressive, long-term management to prevent irreversible vision loss.
  • Treatment strategies vary based on disease severity, ranging from Dapsone to potent immunosuppressants and biologics for refractory cases.
  • Multidisciplinary care is essential, addressing ocular surface disease and considering surgical interventions only during quiescent phases.