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Related Concept Videos

Ion Exchange01:17

Ion Exchange

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Ion exchange chromatography separates charged molecules from a solution by reversibly exchanging them with mobile, or 'active', ions associated with the oppositely charged stationary phase. This method can be used to separate ions, soften and deionize water, and purify solutions. The polymers comprising the ion-exchange column are high-molecular-weight and chemically stable polymers, crosslinked to be porous and essentially insoluble. They are also functionalized with either acidic or...
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Potentiometry: Membrane Electrodes01:15

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Membrane electrodes, also known as p-ion electrodes, use membranes that selectively interact with free analyte ions, generating a potential difference across the membrane. The resulting membrane potential, known as the asymmetry potential, is not zero even when analyte concentrations on both sides of the membrane are equal. The membrane's response is typically not selective to a single analyte but proportional to the concentration of all ions in the sample solution capable of interacting at...
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Ion-Exchange Chromatography01:09

Ion-Exchange Chromatography

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Ion-exchange chromatography, or IEC, is a technique for separating ions based on their affinity for the stationary phase. The stationary phase is a cross-linked polymer resin with covalently attached ionic functional groups. The functional groups can be either positively charged (cation exchangers) or negatively charged (anion exchangers). A cation exchanger consists of a polymeric anion and active cations, while an anion exchanger is a polymeric cation with active anions. The choice of...
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Dielectric Polarization in a Capacitor01:31

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The presence of a dielectric medium in a capacitor not only changes the voltage and capacitance but also affects the electric field. In general, dielectrics can be of two types: polar and nonpolar. In a polar dielectric, the positive and negative charges in the molecules are separated by a distance and hence have a permanent dipole moment. In contrast, no such charge separation exists in a nonpolar dielectric, however the nonpolar molecules get polarized in the presence of an external electric...
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Dialysis01:15

Dialysis

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Dialysis is a diffusion-based purification process that separates analyte molecules from a complex matrix. This is accomplished by allowing molecules in the solution to pass through a semipermeable membrane into a liquid on the other side. The membrane is usually made of cellulose acetate or cellulose nitrate, and the second liquid must be miscible with the solution. Ions (e.g., chloride or sodium) or organic molecules (e.g., glucose) can pass through the membrane pores, which generally have...
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Detergent Purification of Membrane Proteins01:18

Detergent Purification of Membrane Proteins

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Detergents are used to purify the integral proteins of the membrane. The hydrophobic portion of the detergent can replace membrane phospholipids while solubilizing the membrane proteins. When detergent monomers reach a specific concentration in a solution called critical micelle concentration (CMC), they form micelles. Above CMC, the concentration of the detergent monomers remains in equilibrium with the micelle. The number of detergent monomers present in the CMC varies for each detergent, and...
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Ion-Exchange Membranes for the Fabrication of Reverse Electrodialysis Device
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Asymmetric Membrane Capacitive Deionization Using Anion-Exchange Membranes Based on Quaternized Polymer Blends.

Robert McNair1,2, Levente Cseri1, Gyorgy Szekely1,3

  • 1Department of Chemical Engineering & Analytical Science, University of Manchester, The Mill, Sackville Street, Manchester, M1 3BB, U.K.

ACS Applied Polymer Materials
|September 9, 2020
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Summary

Researchers developed new anion-exchange membranes using polymer blends for membrane capacitive deionization (MCDI) water desalination. These advanced membranes significantly improve salt removal efficiency and reduce energy consumption, offering a promising solution for global water scarcity.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Water Treatment Technologies
  • Electrochemistry

Background:

  • Global water scarcity necessitates innovative desalination techniques.
  • Membrane capacitive deionization (MCDI) offers energy-efficient water desalination.
  • Limited availability of high-performance ion-exchange membranes hinders MCDI development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To fabricate and characterize novel quaternized anion-exchange membranes (AEMs) for MCDI.
  • To utilize polymer blends of polyethylenimine (PEI) and polybenzimidazole (PBI) for enhanced membrane properties.
  • To evaluate the performance of these AEMs in brackish water desalination.

Main Methods:

  • Polymer blend membranes (PEI/PBI) prepared via solution casting, heat treatment, and phase inversion.
  • Membrane modification to introduce anion-exchange functionality.
  • Characterization using SEM, AFM, NMR, and FTIR spectroscopy.
  • Performance evaluation in asymmetric MCDI for brackish water desalination.

Main Results:

  • As-prepared PEI/PBI membranes exhibit high ion-exchange capacity (IEC), hydrophilicity, and permselectivity.
  • Addition of PEI enhances IEC and permselectivity while reducing area resistance compared to pristine PBI AEMs.
  • PEI/PBI membranes demonstrate over a 3x increase in salt adsorption capacity and over a 2x increase in charge efficiency in MCDI.

Conclusions:

  • Quaternized PEI/PBI polymer blend membranes are efficient for MCDI applications.
  • These membranes offer superior performance in brackish water desalination compared to membrane-free CDI.
  • The development of these advanced membranes paves the way for industrial-scale MCDI implementation.