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Optimization of the Rubber Formulation for Footwear Applications from the Response Surface Method
Satta Srewaradachpisal1, Charoenyutr Dechwayukul1, Surapong Chatpun2
1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand.
Polymers
|September 10, 2020
Summary
Optimizing natural rubber shoe soles with fillers and plasticizers reduces impact force. Adjusting these components enhances shock absorption and hardness for better footwear performance and injury prevention.
Area of Science:
- Materials Science
- Biomechanics
- Polymer Engineering
Background:
- Footwear-related injuries are often caused by impact force.
- Elastomers, particularly natural rubber, are common in shoe soles and their properties are tunable via formulation.
- Understanding additive effects is crucial for improving footwear shock attenuation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate how filler and plasticizer fractions influence the shock absorption capabilities of natural rubber shoe soles.
- To optimize the composition of natural rubber soles for enhanced impact force reduction.
- To develop a predictive model for footwear material properties.
Main Methods:
- Utilized the Response Surface Method (RSM) for statistical optimization.
- Varied the concentrations of natural rubber, fillers (carbon black, china clay), and a plasticizer (paraffinic oil).
- Developed a predictive equation correlating additive levels with physical and mechanical properties.
Main Results:
- A predictive equation was successfully formulated using RSM to describe the impact of additives on sole properties.
- Higher plasticizer content decreased hardness, impact force, and energy dissipation.
- Increased filler content improved hardness and impact force absorption.
Conclusions:
- The study successfully demonstrates the control over footwear material properties through additive concentration.
- Optimized formulations can lead to improved shock attenuation and reduced impact force in shoe soles.
- Findings provide valuable insights for the commercial manufacturing of performance-oriented footwear.
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