Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Molecular Orbital Theory II03:51

Molecular Orbital Theory II

25.7K
Molecular Orbital Energy Diagrams
25.7K
The Bohr Model02:18

The Bohr Model

79.1K
Following the work of Ernest Rutherford and his colleagues in the early twentieth century, the picture of atoms consisting of tiny dense nuclei surrounded by lighter and even tinier electrons continually moving about the nucleus was well established. This picture was called the planetary model since it pictured the atom as a miniature “solar system” with the electrons orbiting the nucleus like planets orbiting the sun. The simplest atom is hydrogen, consisting of a single proton as the...
79.1K
Ionization Energy03:12

Ionization Energy

42.0K
The amount of energy required to remove the most loosely bound electron from a gaseous atom in its ground state is called its first ionization energy (IE1). The first ionization energy for an element, X, is the energy required to form a cation with 1+ charge:
42.0K
π Electron Effects on Chemical Shift: Overview01:27

π Electron Effects on Chemical Shift: Overview

1.4K
An applied magnetic field causes loosely bound π-electrons in organic molecules to circulate, producing a local or induced diamagnetic field over a large spatial volume. As the molecules tumble in solution, the field generated by π-electrons in spherical substituents results in a zero net field. However, the net field generated by π-electrons in non-spherical substituents is not zero. The effect of this induced field depends on the orientation of the molecule with respect to B0,...
1.4K
Potential Due to a Polarized Object01:29

Potential Due to a Polarized Object

640
A neutral atom consists of a positively charged nucleus surrounded by a negatively charged electron cloud. When placed in an external electric field, the external electric force pulls the electrons and nucleus apart, opposite to the intrinsic attraction between the nucleus and the electrons. The opposing forces balance each other with a slight shift between the center of masses of the nucleus and the electron cloud, resulting in a polarized atom. On the other hand, a few molecules, like water,...
640
MO Theory and Covalent Bonding02:40

MO Theory and Covalent Bonding

13.2K
The molecular orbital theory describes the distribution of electrons in molecules in a manner similar to the distribution of electrons in atomic orbitals. The region of space in which a valence electron in a molecule is likely to be found is called a molecular orbital. Mathematically, the linear combination of atomic orbitals (LCAO) generates molecular orbitals. Combinations of in-phase atomic orbital wave functions result in regions with a high probability of electron density, while...
13.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Thulium fiber laser versus Holmium laser enucleation of the prostate: 24-month outcomes from a prospective randomized non-inferiority trial.

World journal of urology·2026
Same author

Rates and Predictors of Persistent LUTS Medication Use After Laser Enucleation of the Prostate.

Lower urinary tract symptoms·2026
Same author

Robust Localization and Tracking of VRUs with Radar and Ultra-Wideband Sensors for Traffic Safety.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same author

Persistent structural alteration of the extended limbic system in adolescents with childhood maltreatment.

European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists·2026
Same author

Lower urinary tract symptoms after laser enucleation of the prostate in patients with and without preoperative indwelling catheter.

International urology and nephrology·2025
Same author

Place of Death of Cancer Patients Treated at a German Comprehensive Cancer Center.

Palliative medicine reports·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 9, 2025

A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference
07:56

A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference

Published on: September 5, 2019

8.8K

Nonlinear polarization and ionization in O2: metastable electronic state model.

Jonathan Heinz, Ran Reiff, Tennesse Joyce

    Optics Express
    |September 10, 2020
    PubMed
    Summary

    We developed a computational model for oxygen's nonlinear optical response to infrared light. This model connects nonlinear polarization and ionization, agreeing well with experimental data for simulations.

    More Related Videos

    Measurement of Ultrafast Vibrational Coherences in Polyatomic Radical Cations with Strong-Field Adiabatic Ionization
    08:22

    Measurement of Ultrafast Vibrational Coherences in Polyatomic Radical Cations with Strong-Field Adiabatic Ionization

    Published on: August 6, 2018

    7.2K
    Author Spotlight: Non-Invasive Imaging of Complex Bio-Structures Using Polarization-Sensitive Two-Photon Microscopy
    05:54

    Author Spotlight: Non-Invasive Imaging of Complex Bio-Structures Using Polarization-Sensitive Two-Photon Microscopy

    Published on: September 8, 2023

    1.6K

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Dec 9, 2025

    A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference
    07:56

    A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference

    Published on: September 5, 2019

    8.8K
    Measurement of Ultrafast Vibrational Coherences in Polyatomic Radical Cations with Strong-Field Adiabatic Ionization
    08:22

    Measurement of Ultrafast Vibrational Coherences in Polyatomic Radical Cations with Strong-Field Adiabatic Ionization

    Published on: August 6, 2018

    7.2K
    Author Spotlight: Non-Invasive Imaging of Complex Bio-Structures Using Polarization-Sensitive Two-Photon Microscopy
    05:54

    Author Spotlight: Non-Invasive Imaging of Complex Bio-Structures Using Polarization-Sensitive Two-Photon Microscopy

    Published on: September 8, 2023

    1.6K

    Area of Science:

    • Quantum optics
    • Physical chemistry
    • Computational physics

    Background:

    • Understanding molecular oxygen's interaction with intense infrared light is crucial for various physical and chemical applications.
    • Previous models often treated nonlinear polarization and ionization as separate phenomena.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a unified computational model for the nonlinear optical response of molecular oxygen.
    • To investigate the interconnectedness of nonlinear polarization and strong-field ionization.
    • To provide parameterized response functions for large-scale simulations.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized a non-Hermitian computational approach.
    • Incorporated metastable electronic states of molecular oxygen.
    • Modeled nonlinear polarization and strong-field ionization concurrently.

    Main Results:

    • The model accurately predicts the nonlinear index of refraction for molecular oxygen.
    • Calculated ionization rates show good agreement with experimental measurements.
    • Parameterized response functions were derived from the model.

    Conclusions:

    • The non-Hermitian approach effectively captures the coupled nonlinear optical response of molecular oxygen.
    • The model provides a valuable tool for simulating the interaction of intense infrared pulses with gaseous media.
    • The findings facilitate advancements in areas requiring precise modeling of light-matter interactions.