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Related Concept Videos

Steady, Laminar Flow Between Parallel Plates01:17

Steady, Laminar Flow Between Parallel Plates

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Understanding steady, laminar flow between parallel plates is essential for analyzing and designing flow in narrow rectangular channels, commonly found in various water conveyance and drainage systems. The Navier-Stokes equations govern fluid motion and are generally challenging to solve due to their nonlinearity. However, simplifications are possible in certain cases, like the steady laminar flow between parallel plates. For this scenario, we assume steady, incompressible, laminar flow.
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Interfacial instabilities in a microfluidic Hele-Shaw cell.

Michinao Hashimoto1, Piotr Garstecki2, Howard A Stone3

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford St., Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. gwhitesides@gmwgroup.harvard.edu.

Soft Matter
|September 10, 2020
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Surfactants enable dynamic instabilities in microfluidic Hele-Shaw cells. Low interfacial tension causes droplet elongation and shear-driven instabilities, revealing new fluid dynamics patterns.

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Area of Science:

  • Fluid Dynamics
  • Microfluidics
  • Interfacial Science

Background:

  • Aqueous droplets in hexadecane flow exhibit dynamic instabilities.
  • Low interfacial tension is crucial for droplet deformation and tip-streaming.
  • Surfactants are necessary to achieve the required low interfacial tension.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe surfactant-sensitive, dynamic instabilities in microfluidic Hele-Shaw cells.
  • To investigate droplet deformation and pattern formation under flow.
  • To identify and characterize shear-driven instabilities (SDI).

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing a microfluidic Hele-Shaw cell (HSC) with water and hexadecane.
  • Inducing low interfacial tension using surfactants in both fluids.
  • Observing droplet behavior and instability patterns at varying flow rates.

Main Results:

  • Droplets elongated significantly (aspect ratio > 10:1) due to flow.
  • Two main instabilities observed: droplet elongation/Rayleigh-Plateau and shear-driven instability (SDI).
  • Three characteristic droplet array patterns formed, dependent on flow rates.

Conclusions:

  • Surfactants are key to observing dynamic instabilities in this system.
  • SDI, similar to tip-streaming, arises from interfacial surfactant redistribution.
  • Flow rates dictate the emergent patterns of stretched droplets.