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Vesicle budding is orchestrated by distinct cytosolic proteins such as adaptor proteins, coat proteins, and GTPases. To initiate vesicle budding, membrane-bending proteins containing crescent-shaped BAR domains bind to the lipid heads in the bilayer and distort the membrane to form a protein-coated vesicle bud. Adaptors proteins such as AP2 for clathrin-coated vesicles can nucleate on the deformed membrane. Finally, coat proteins such as clathrin or COPI and COPII assemble into a coat forming...
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Forming Giant-sized Polymersomes Using Gel-assisted Rehydration
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Alternating polymervesicles.

Dan Wu1, Ludmila Abezgauz2, Dganit Danino3

  • 1Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA.

Soft Matter
|September 10, 2020
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers created novel polymer vesicles using alternating copolymers, not just block copolymers. These flexible vesicles form ultra-small structures in water, offering similar encapsulation to surfactants.

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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Amphiphilic block copolymers are conventionally used to form polymer vesicles (polymersomes).
  • The formation of vesicles is crucial for drug delivery and encapsulation applications.
  • Exploring alternative polymer architectures for vesicle formation is an active research area.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the formation of polymer vesicles from naturally alternating copolymers.
  • To characterize the structure and properties of these novel polymer vesicles.
  • To compare their encapsulation and release behavior with conventional polymersomes and surfactants.

Main Methods:

  • Free-radical polymerization of hydrophobic alkyl maleates and hydrophilic polyhydroxy vinyl ethers.
  • Cryogenic-transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM) for vesicle morphology.
  • Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) for structural analysis.

Main Results:

  • Alternating copolymers formed polymer vesicles with backbone amphiphilicity.
  • Vesicles exhibited thin, flexible shells, enabling the formation of ultra-small unilamellar vesicles.
  • Encapsulation and release characteristics were comparable to surfactant vesicles.

Conclusions:

  • Natural alternating conjugation provides a new route to synthesize polymer vesicles.
  • These vesicles offer a promising alternative to conventional polymersomes, especially for ultra-small formulations.
  • The findings expand the scope of polymer self-assembly for advanced material applications.