[Acute leukemia developing in the second trimester of pregnancy]

Acute leukemia (AL) during pregnancy poses a substantial risk to both mothers and fetuses. Treatment for leukemia should be initiated promptly; however, the management of AL in pregnant women and fetuses is usually challenging, especially during the second trimester. Here, we report two cases of AL that developed during the second trimester of pregnancy. In one case, chemotherapy was initiated while continuing the pregnancy; in the second case, a cesarean section was performed prior to chemotherapy initiation. As per current medical records, both infants are thriving without any medical problems. The optimal strategy for the treatment of AL during pregnancy typically includes chemotherapy after delivery. However, if fetal development is not sufficient for ex utero survival, the only alternatives available are the initiation of treatment while continuing the pregnancy or treatment after therapeutic abortion (if it is legally allowed). According to previous studies and as per the results from our first case, the initiation of chemotherapy while sustaining the pregnancy may be an acceptable option if it is conducted with appropriate informed consent. The treatment of AL in the second trimester of pregnancy should be carefully decided, while taking into account the medical, legal, and social aspects, such as gestational weeks, maternal and fetal status, and wishes of the patients and their families.