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Updated: Dec 9, 2025

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Visual selection and response selection without effector selection in tasks with circular arrays.

Robert W Proctor1, Alice F Healy2,3

  • 1Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, 703 Third St., West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA. rproctor@purdue.edu.

Attention, Perception & Psychophysics
|September 10, 2020
PubMed
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This study reviews visual search and response selection. Findings suggest distinct stages for stimulus identification, target selection, and effector movement in information processing.

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Human Factors Engineering

Background:

  • Visual search and response selection are key in human-computer interaction and cognitive psychology.
  • Previous studies used circular arrays for vocal or manual responses, enabling analysis of visual and response selection without effector selection demands.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review studies on visual selection and response selection/execution.
  • To examine the role of effector selection in these processes.
  • To evaluate findings within an information-processing framework.

Main Methods:

  • Review of influential visual-search experiments using circular arrays.
  • Analysis of studies employing spatial arrangements with aimed limb or cursor movements.
  • Examination of research on stimulus identification, visual search, and stimulus-response compatibility.
Keywords:
Attention: SelectiveGoal-directed movementsPerception and ActionResponse-effect compatibilitySpatial information processingStimulus-response compatibilityVisual search

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Main Results:

  • Visual selection and response selection are distinct processes.
  • Effector selection is a separate stage from stimulus identification and response location selection.
  • Task complexity influences the interplay between these stages.

Conclusions:

  • Results align with a basic information-processing model.
  • Stimulus identification and target response selection are separate from effector planning and movement.
  • Understanding these distinct stages is crucial for designing efficient human-computer systems.