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Related Concept Videos

MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...
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Plants present a rich source of nutrients for many organisms, making it a target for herbivores and infectious agents. Plants, though lacking a proper immune system, have developed an array of constitutive and inducible defenses to fend off these attacks.
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RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
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Potato Virus X-Based microRNA Silencing VbMS In Potato.
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Elucidating micro RNAs role in different plant-pathogen interactions.

Charu Kulshrestha1, Hardik Pathak1, Deepak Kumar2

  • 1Department of Plant Biotechnology, JECRC University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India.

Molecular Biology Reports
|September 10, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Plant pathogens like bacteria and viruses manipulate host gene expression. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key regulators in plant defense, but pathogens can exploit them to evade immunity.

Keywords:
PathogensPlant defensePlant–pathogen interactionSmall RNAs

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Pathology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Plant diseases are caused by diverse pathogens including bacteria, fungi, viruses, and nematodes.
  • Plant-pathogen interactions involve complex molecular crosstalk that regulates gene expression in both host and pathogen.
  • Pathogens co-evolve to overcome host defenses and can manipulate host gene expression to increase susceptibility.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of small non-coding RNAs, specifically microRNAs (miRNAs), in plant defense responses.
  • To explore how miRNAs regulate gene expression at transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels during host-pathogen interactions.
  • To understand how pathogens interfere with plant immunity using miRNAs and RNA interference pathways.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on molecular mechanisms of plant-pathogen interactions.
  • Analysis of studies investigating the role of small RNAs (siRNAs and miRNAs) in plant immunity.
  • Examination of pathogen strategies to modulate host gene expression and RNA interference.

Main Results:

  • Small non-coding RNAs, including miRNAs, are critical regulators of plant defense mechanisms.
  • Pathogens can utilize host miRNAs or suppress RNA interference pathways to facilitate infection.
  • Different miRNA families play specific roles in modulating the plant's defense signaling.

Conclusions:

  • MicroRNAs are central players in the intricate dance between plants and pathogens.
  • Understanding miRNA-mediated regulation offers potential targets for enhancing plant disease resistance.
  • Pathogen manipulation of host miRNAs highlights the complex evolutionary arms race in plant immunity.