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Obstructive sleep apnea in adults with Down syndrome
Pedro Landete1, Joan B Soriano1, Beatriz Aldave1
1Department of Pneumology, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid, Spain.
American Journal of Medical Genetics. Part A
|September 10, 2020
Summary
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is common in adults with Down syndrome (DS). Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment is effective and well-tolerated, showing high adherence in this population.
Area of Science:
- Medical Research
- Sleep Medicine
- Genetics
Background:
- Down syndrome (DS) is associated with a high prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea (OSA) syndrome.
- Clinical suspicion of OSA is common in adults with DS.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the occurrence and characteristics of OSA in adults with Down syndrome.
- To evaluate the feasibility and adherence of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) treatment in this cohort.
Main Methods:
- A cohort of 157 adults with DS underwent clinical assessment and sleep studies.
- Standardized questionnaires and medical assessments were used.
- Sleep studies measured apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) and oxygen desaturation.
Main Results:
- All 114 DS patients who underwent sleep studies were diagnosed with OSA (AHI: 35.0 ± 26.6).
- Daytime sleepiness was the primary symptom (64.9%).
- CPAP treatment was initiated in 75 patients, with good tolerance (75%) and high adherence (>4 hr/day in 79.2%).
Conclusions:
- OSA is frequently confirmed in adults with DS presenting with clinical suspicion.
- CPAP treatment for OSA in individuals with DS is feasible and demonstrates higher adherence compared to adults with normal cognitive functioning.
- CPAP treatment led to symptomatic improvement in over half of the treated patients.
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