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Updated: Dec 9, 2025

Effects of Surgical Masks on Cardiopulmonary Function in Healthy Subjects
Published on: February 12, 2021
Potential Makeshift Solution to Coronavirus Disease 2019-Related N95 Mask Shortage
Cassandra Hoffmann1, Paul Tripi, Kasia Rubin
1From the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital, Cleveland, Ohio.
Abstract:
N95 respirator masks are used by medical providers for respiratory protection from airborne pathogens of transmissible diseases. In extreme situations or pandemics, when N95 masks may be in short supply, the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) reported that some groups created their own N95 mask utilizing an anesthesia circuit mask plus a filter for use in short but high-risk procedures. The makeshift option for personal protective equipment was tested with a qualitative respirator mask fit test.
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Personal Protective Equipment
Administering Oxygen by Mask
Administering oxygen by mask is a common nursing intervention that provides supplemental oxygen to patients with respiratory distress or chronic lung conditions. This procedure involves delivering oxygen at a specified rate through a face mask connected to an oxygen source.
Equipment
The equipment necessary for this procedure includes:
Oxygen Delivering System I: Nasal Cannula and Face Mask
Nasal Cannula
A nasal cannula is a lightweight tube split at one end into two prongs and placed in the nostrils. It is typically used to deliver low to medium levels of oxygen.
Suggested flow rate: The suggested flow rate for a nasal cannula typically ranges between 1 and 6 L/min.
Oxygen percentage setting:...
PPE Use in Healthcare Settings II: Doffing
PPE Use in Healthcare Settings I: Donning
Transmission-based Precautions II: Airborne and Protective Environment
Airborne precautions:
Use airborne precautions when treating patients known or suspected to have diseases that spread through the air—for example, tuberculosis or measles. These organisms are present in smaller droplets expelled by an infected person and...

