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Stem cell research aims to find ways to use stem cells to regenerate and repair cellular damage. Over time, most adult cells undergo the wear and tear of aging and lose their ability to divide and repair themselves. Stem cells do not display a particular morphology or function. Adult stem cells, which exist as a small subset of cells in most tissues, keep dividing and can differentiate into a number of specialized cells generally formed by that tissue. These cells enable the body to renew and...
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Stem cell therapy is a method used in regenerative medicine to repair and restore function to damaged tissues and organs. Stem cells have the potential to proliferate and differentiate into various tissue types, making them ideal candidates for tissue regeneration. For example, hematopoietic stem cell transplants are commonly used in blood cancer treatment to replenish damaged bone marrow and restore healthy blood cells.
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The ability of induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs to differentiate into most body cell types has stimulated repair and regenerative medicine research over the past few decades. iPSC-derived blood cells, hepatocytes, beta islet cells, cardiomyocytes, neurons, and other cell types can repair injuries or regenerate damaged tissue in diseases such as diabetes and neurodegenerative disorders.
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The hematopoietic stem cells or HSCs are multipotent, meaning they can differentiate and give rise to all blood and immune cells. HSCs are maintained in the quiescent stage until an external stimulus initiates their differentiation. The multipotent HSCs exist as two heterogeneous populations, long-term repopulating cells (LTRC) and short-term repopulating cells (STRC). The two HSC populations have different surface markers or receptors and are classified based on quiescence and long-term...
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Replicative cell senescence is a property of cells that allows them to divide a finite number of times throughout the organism's lifespan while preventing excessive proliferation. Replicative senescence is associated with the gradual loss of the telomere — short, repetitive DNA sequences found at the end of the chromosomes. Telomeres are bound by a group of proteins to form a protective cap on the ends of chromosomes. Embryonic stem cells express telomerase — an enzyme that adds...
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Stem Cell Aging and Regenerative Medicine.

Debojyoti De1, Parimal Karmakar1, Debalina Bhattacharya2

  • 1Department of Life science and Biotechnology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
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Stem cell aging hinders regenerative medicine. This review explores molecular pathways, tissue engineering, and strategies to overcome aging

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Area of Science:

  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Stem Cell Biology
  • Aging Research

Background:

  • Stem cells offer potential for treating numerous diseases.
  • Aging negatively impacts stem cell function and tissue regeneration.
  • Donor age is a critical factor in stem cell transplantation efficacy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review molecular pathways of stem cell aging.
  • To discuss progress in stem cell tissue engineering and transplantation.
  • To identify strategies to mitigate aging's impact on regenerative medicine.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of molecular pathways in stem cell aging.
  • Analysis of current tissue engineering and transplantation techniques.
  • Evaluation of strategies to counteract stem cell aging effects.

Main Results:

  • Aging affects stem cell niches and signaling pathways, reducing regenerative potential.
  • Donor age poses challenges for stem cell transplantation success.
  • Novel strategies are emerging to improve tissue replenishment despite aging.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding stem cell aging is crucial for effective regenerative medicine.
  • Tissue engineering and transplantation advancements are ongoing.
  • Developing methods to bypass aging pitfalls is key for future therapies.