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Related Concept Videos

Membrane Domains01:18

Membrane Domains

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The membrane domains concentrate specific lipids and proteins at one place within the membrane, which helps in cell signaling, adhesion, and other critical cellular processes. These domains can differ in size, composition, function, and lifespan.
Protein Domains
The membrane comprises a group of distinct proteins responsible for carrying out a cell's specific function. For example, the plasma membrane of the human sperm, or a single germ cell, contains a unique set of proteins in the...
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Mechanisms of Membrane Domain Formation00:59

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Different physical properties of lipids and proteins allow them to localize and form distinct islands or domains in the membrane. Some membrane domains are formed due to protein-protein interactions, whereas others are formed due to the presence of specific lipids such as sphingolipids and sterols—for example, large proteins, such as bacteriorhodopsin, aggregate and create distinct domains.
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Enzymes like flippase, floppase, and scramblase transfer phospholipids from one layer to another in the membrane, thereby affecting membrane asymmetry.
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The living membranes are flexible due to their fluid mosaic nature; however, their bending into different shapes is an active process regulated by specific lipids and proteins. The membrane bending can be transient as seen in vesicles or stable for a long time as in microvilli. Cells regulate the size, location, and duration of the membrane curvature.
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What are Membranes?01:54

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A key characteristic of life is the ability to separate the external environment from the internal space. To do this, cells have evolved semi-permeable membranes that regulate the passage of biological molecules. Additionally, the cell membrane defines a cell’s shape and interactions with the external environment. Eukaryotic cell membranes also serve to compartmentalize the internal space into organelles, including the endomembrane structures of the nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum and...
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A cell's plasma membrane demarcates the cell's borders and determines the nature of its interaction with the environment. Cells exclude certain substances, take in others, and excrete some others in controlled quantities. The plasma membrane must be flexible to allow certain cells, such as red and white blood cells, to change their shape while passing through narrow capillaries. These are the more obvious plasma membrane functions. In addition, the plasma membrane's surface carries...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 9, 2025

Formation of Biomembrane Microarrays with a Squeegee-based Assembly Method
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Cluster Superlattice Membranes.

Tobias Hartl1, Moritz Will1, Davor Čapeta2

  • 1II. Physikalisches Institut, Universität zu Köln, Cologne, D-50937, Germany.

ACS Nano
|September 10, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We developed robust cluster superlattice membranes using graphene and carbon matrices. These versatile, freestanding membranes show promise for catalysis, magnetism, energy conversion, and optoelectronics.

Keywords:
graphenemembranesmoirénanocluster superlatticestwo-dimensional materials

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Cluster superlattice membranes feature a 2D hexagonal lattice of nanoclusters between graphene and a carbon matrix.
  • Current fabrication methods present challenges in stability and transferability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a fabrication process for mechanically stable and transferable cluster superlattice membranes.
  • To explore the potential applications of these novel membranes in various technological fields.

Main Methods:

  • Templated self-organization of metal clusters on epitaxial graphene on Ir(111).
  • Conformal embedding within an amorphous carbon matrix.
  • Lift-off from the Ir(111) substrate to create freestanding membranes.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated a fabrication process yielding mechanically stable, freestanding cluster superlattice membranes.
  • Showcased versatility in cluster materials, sizes (single-atom to few hundred atoms), and layer/matrix combinations.
  • Confirmed ease of transfer to other substrates.

Conclusions:

  • Cluster superlattice membranes offer a versatile platform with tunable properties.
  • The mechanical stability and transferability enable applications in catalysis, magnetism, energy conversion, and optoelectronics.