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Invasion by an ecosystem engineer shifts the abundance and distribution of fish but does not decrease diversity.

Antoni Vivó-Pons1, Josep Alós1, Fiona Tomas2

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Invasive algae Halimeda incrassata in the Mediterranean had varied impacts on fish communities. While overall diversity remained unchanged, individual fish species experienced positive, negative, or neutral effects, complicating predictions.

Keywords:
AlgaeAlien speciesFish communityHalimeda incrassataInvasionsMediterranean

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Area of Science:

  • Marine ecology
  • Invasive species biology
  • Community ecology

Background:

  • Negative impacts of invasive species are widely accepted.
  • However, neutral or positive effects are increasingly recognized, especially for species in different trophic groups.
  • Ecosystem engineers, like the alga Halimeda incrassata, can significantly alter habitats.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine fish community responses to the invasion of Halimeda incrassata in Western Mediterranean sandy habitats.
  • To understand the complex ecological implications of invasive ecosystem engineers.

Main Methods:

  • Employed a Before-After-Control-Impact (BACI) design.
  • Assessed changes in fish community structure, including species richness, diversity, and individual species responses.
  • Investigated potential mechanisms driving observed fish responses.

Main Results:

  • The invasion of Halimeda incrassata did not alter overall fish species richness or diversity.
  • Individual fish species exhibited contrasting responses: some increased, some decreased, and some were unaffected.
  • These varied responses are likely linked to habitat alteration by the alga, affecting prey availability and fish camouflage.

Conclusions:

  • Invasive ecosystem engineers can have complex and multifaceted effects on native communities.
  • Predicting the precise ecological and socio-economic impacts of invasive species is challenging due to varied responses.
  • Understanding these complex interactions is crucial for effective invasive species management.