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Compact Bone01:27

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Most bones contain compact and spongy osseous tissue, but their distribution and concentration vary based on the bone's overall function.
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All bones comprise an outer layer of compact bone, and an interior made up of spongy bone tissue, also called cancellous or trabecular bone. In long bones, spongy bone tissue is mainly found in the interior of the epiphyses (broad ends of the bone).
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The two main features of a long bone are the diaphysis and the epiphysis.
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Calcium-Scoring CT ScanA calcium-scoring CT scan, also known as coronary artery calcium (CAC) scan, detects calcium deposits in the coronary arteries. This test assesses the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD), which can lead to cardiovascular events such as angina, heart failure, and sudden cardiac arrest.A calcium-scoring CT scan is generally recommended for individuals at intermediate risk of CAD without symptoms. It includes:Men aged 40-75 and women aged 50-75: Especially those with a...
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The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
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Trabecular bone mineral density correlations using QCT: Central and peripheral human skeleton.

Sajal Chirvi1, Frank A Pintar2, Narayan Yoganandan1

  • 1Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA; Zablocki Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Milwaukee, WI, USA.

Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials
|September 10, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Bone mineral density (BMD) in the hind foot correlates better with hip BMD than lumbar spine BMD. Hip BMD may predict hind foot injury risk, or calcaneal BMD can predict hip injury risk.

Keywords:
BMDCalcaneusDistal tibiaQCTSkeletal site BMD variationsTalus

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Orthopedics
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Musculoskeletal injuries to the lower leg and foot-ankle are common from external loads.
  • Bone mineral density (BMD) is a key indicator of bone strength.
  • Standard BMD assessments focus on the hip and spine.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the correlation between BMD in standard clinical sites (hip, lumbar spine) and non-standard sites (foot-ankle-distal tibia).
  • To determine if hip or lumbar spine BMD can predict BMD in the hind foot.
  • To explore the utility of hind foot BMD in predicting hip injury risk.

Main Methods:

  • Quantitative computed tomography (QCT) was used to measure trabecular BMD in 21 post-mortem human subjects (PMHS).
  • BMD was quantified in the talus, distal tibia, and calcaneus.
  • Correlations were analyzed between hind foot BMD and available hip and lumbar spine BMD data.

Main Results:

  • Trabecular BMD was highest in the talus, followed by the distal tibia and calcaneus.
  • Distal tibia BMD showed the strongest correlation with hip intertrochanter BMD (R²=0.72).
  • Calcaneus BMD best correlated with hip femoral neck BMD (R²=0.64).

Conclusions:

  • Hind foot bone BMD correlates better with hip BMD than lumbar spine BMD.
  • Hip BMD may serve as a better predictor of hind foot injury risk than lumbar spine BMD.
  • Calcaneal BMD could potentially predict hip injury risk, and these correlations can enhance finite element models for injury prediction.