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Arteries of the Head and Neck01:26

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The cranium (skull) is the skeletal structure of the head that supports the face and protects the brain. It is subdivided into the facial bones and the brain case, or cranial vault. The facial bones underlie the facial structures, form the nasal cavity, enclose the eyeballs, and support the teeth of the upper and lower jaws.
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GUNSHOT INJURIES OF THE OROFACIAL REGION.

A Oskera, O Res, J Timkovic

    Acta Chirurgiae Plasticae
    |September 11, 2020
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Firearm injuries, particularly in the head and orofacial regions, are a significant concern in the EU. This paper details the destructive effects of such injuries and outlines primary medical treatment protocols.

    Keywords:
    gunshot woundsorofacial regiontreatment protocol

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    Area of Science:

    • Forensic Pathology
    • Trauma Surgery
    • Oromaxillofacial Surgery

    Background:

    • Firearm-related deaths and suicides are substantial public health issues in the European Union.
    • Head and neck injuries from firearms, especially in suicides, are common, often targeting the temporal or submental areas.
    • Injuries to the splanchnocranium involve complex anatomical structures requiring multidisciplinary medical intervention.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To elucidate the destructive patterns of gunshot injuries within the orofacial regions.
    • To provide a comprehensive guide for the primary medical management of these severe injuries.

    Main Methods:

    • Literature review of gunshot wound ballistics and injury mechanisms.
    • Analysis of clinical data and practical experience with orofacial firearm trauma.
    • Detailed examination of factors influencing injury severity, including projectile characteristics and trajectory.

    Main Results:

    • Gunshot wounds to the splanchnocranium frequently cause extensive damage to the mandible, maxilla, orbits, and nose.
    • Injury severity is influenced by wound site, projectile caliber, energy, trajectory, and secondary effects like ricochets.
    • 82% of firearm suicides/attempts result in head trauma, with specific targeting of the temporal and submental regions.

    Conclusions:

    • Understanding the complex destructive effects of firearm injuries in the orofacial area is crucial for effective treatment.
    • A multidisciplinary approach is essential for managing the diverse medical needs arising from these injuries.
    • This paper offers valuable insights from literature and practice for the primary medical care of orofacial gunshot wounds.