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Related Concept Videos

Buffers02:56

Buffers

171.3K
A solution containing appreciable amounts of a weak conjugate acid-base pair is called a buffer solution, or a buffer. Buffer solutions resist a change in pH when small amounts of a strong acid or a strong base are added. A solution of acetic acid and sodium acetate is an example of a buffer that consists of a weak acid and its salt: CH3COOH (aq) + CH3COONa (aq). An example of a buffer that consists of a weak base and its salt is a solution of ammonia and ammonium chloride: NH3 (aq) + NH4Cl...
171.3K
Mixtures of Acids01:19

Mixtures of Acids

982
The pH of a solution containing an acid can be determined using its acid dissociation constant and initial concentration. If a solution contains two different acids, then its pH can be determined using one of several methods depending on the relative strength of the acids and their dissociation constants.
In a strong and weak acid mixture, the strong acid dissociates completely and becomes a source of almost all the hydronium ions present in the solution. In contrast, the weak acid shows...
982
Mixtures of Acids03:27

Mixtures of Acids

21.2K
The pH of a solution containing an acid can be determined using its acid dissociation constant and its initial concentration. If a solution contains two different acids, then its pH can be determined using one of several methods depending upon the relative strength of the acids and their dissociation constants.
A Mixture of a Strong Acid and a Weak Acid
In a mixture of a strong acid and a weak acid, the strong acid dissociates completely and becomes a source of almost all the hydronium ions...
21.2K
Buffer Effectiveness02:19

Buffer Effectiveness

54.3K
Buffer solutions do not have an unlimited capacity to keep the pH relatively constant . Instead, the ability of a buffer solution to resist changes in pH relies on the presence of appreciable amounts of its conjugate weak acid-base pair. When enough strong acid or base is added to substantially lower the concentration of either member of the buffer pair, the buffering action within the solution is compromised.
The buffer capacity is the amount of acid or base that can be added to a given volume...
54.3K
Buffers: Overview01:30

Buffers: Overview

8.4K
Buffers play a crucial role in stabilizing the pH of a solution by mitigating the effects of small amounts of added acid or base. They consist of a weak acid and its conjugate base or a weak base and its conjugate acid. A solution of acetic acid and sodium acetate is an example of a buffer that consists of a weak acid and its salt: CH3COOH (aq) + CH3COONa (aq). An example of a buffer that consists of a weak base and its salt is a solution of ammonia and ammonium chloride: NH3 (aq) + NH4Cl (aq).
8.4K
Titration of a Weak Base with a Strong Acid01:20

Titration of a Weak Base with a Strong Acid

7.2K
The titration curve of a weak base like ammonia with a strong acid like hydrochloric acid is the mirror image of the titration curve of a weak acid with a strong base.
Using the ICE table and substituting the Kb value, we calculate the initial pH of 50 mL of 0.1 M ammonia to be 11.11. Addition of 25 mL of 0.1 M hydrochloric acid to this solution of ammonia results in a buffer with an equal concentration of ammonia and ammonium ions. The pH of this buffer can be calculated by substituting these...
7.2K

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Determination of the Gas-phase Acidities of Oligopeptides
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Determination of the Gas-phase Acidities of Oligopeptides

Published on: June 24, 2013

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Multiphase buffer theory explains contrasts in atmospheric aerosol acidity.

Guangjie Zheng1, Hang Su2, Siwen Wang3

  • 1Minerva Research Group, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz 55128, Germany.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|September 11, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Aerosol pH is significantly buffered by ammonium/ammonia in populated areas. Aerosol water content and mass concentration, not just chemical composition, are key to understanding aerosol pH and atmospheric chemistry.

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Area of Science:

  • Atmospheric Chemistry
  • Environmental Science
  • Geochemistry

Background:

  • Aerosol acidity is a critical factor influencing atmospheric particle chemistry and environmental impacts.
  • Understanding the drivers of aerosol pH is essential for predicting atmospheric processes.
  • The role of buffering agents in aerosol pH regulation requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the buffering capacity of individual agents in aerosols.
  • To identify the primary buffering system in populated continental regions.
  • To elucidate the factors controlling aerosol pH shifts.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a multiphase buffer theory.
  • Analysis of aerosol pH in relation to buffering agents.
  • Assessment of the influence of aerosol water content and mass concentration.

Main Results:

  • The ammonium/ammonia (NH4+/NH3) conjugate acid-base pair is a dominant buffering agent in populated continental aerosols.
  • Aerosol pH values can vary significantly based on the buffering agent present.
  • Aerosol water content and mass concentration are more influential than particle composition in ammonia-buffered regions.

Conclusions:

  • A multiphase buffer theory explains observed shifts in aerosol pH.
  • Human-induced ammonia emissions profoundly impact aerosol pH and atmospheric multiphase chemistry.
  • The Anthropocene's influence on the nitrogen cycle is a key driver of atmospheric aerosol properties.