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The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...
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After filtration, the precipitate is washed to remove coprecipitated impurities and any remaining mother liquor. Colloidal precipitates, such as silver chloride, are washed with an electrolyte (such as dilute nitric acid) to prevent the peptization of the precipitate. In the case of slightly soluble precipitates, the wash solution contains a common ion to reduce solubility. Lead sulfate, which is slightly soluble in water, is washed with dilute sulfuric acid. Similarly, wash solutions may be...
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Children at play often make suspensions such as mixtures of mud and water, flour and water, or a suspension of solid pigments in water known as tempera paint. These suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures composed of relatively large particles that are visible to the naked eye or can be seen with a magnifying glass. They are cloudy, and the suspended particles settle out after mixing. On the other hand, a solution is a homogeneous mixture in which no settling occurs and in which the dissolved...
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Glass-Based Devices to Generate Drops and Emulsions
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Deposits from evaporating emulsion drops.

M R Bittermann1, A Deblais2, S Lépinay2

  • 1Van der Waals-Zeeman Institute, IoP, Science Park 904, Amsterdam, Netherlands. m.r.bittermann@uva.nl.

Scientific Reports
|September 11, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Drying emulsion drops form distinct patterns. On hydrophilic surfaces, oil droplets are pushed to the edge, creating a surfactant "coffee ring." Hydrophobic surfaces result in a uniform oil film.

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Area of Science:

  • Colloid and Surface Science
  • Materials Science
  • Fluid Dynamics

Background:

  • Droplet evaporation on surfaces is crucial for pattern formation.
  • Understanding emulsion behavior during drying is key for various applications.
  • Existing studies often lack simultaneous visualization of internal structure and external dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate pattern formation and phase changes in drying oil-in-water emulsion drops.
  • To analyze the influence of surface wettability on deposition patterns.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms of emulsion destabilization during evaporation.

Main Methods:

  • Combined microscopy techniques: confocal fluorescence, video, and Raman microscopy.
  • Simultaneous drop shape analysis and internal emulsion structure visualization.
  • Controlled drying experiments on hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces.

Main Results:

  • Hydrophilic surfaces: formation of oil-depleted zones at the contact line and subsequent surfactant
  • coffee ring
  • formation.
  • Hydrophobic surfaces: emulsion destabilization leads to a uniform oil film spreading from the contact line.
  • Water evaporation primarily occurs via vapor diffusion, similar to pure water drops.

Conclusions:

  • Surface wettability dictates the final deposition pattern of drying emulsion drops.
  • Drying-induced coalescence is a universal mechanism for emulsion destabilization.
  • The evaporation kinetics are dominated by the continuous water phase, unaffected by the dispersed oil phase.